Hydrogen And Hydrogen As A Fuel

Lo addresses further alternative, aside from hydrogen, more specifically, electrified rail. Pointing out the rising costs of electrifying rail infrastructure stands as of 2003 at $2 Million per mile, ballooning to over $10 Million per mile in present day (Lo, 2013). By taking a hard approach on the arguments for all other options rather than hydrogen, the author captures a sense of growing question in the direction of why else might this technology not yet in use.

With proper handling, hydrogen is as safe as any other fuels such as gasoline, diesel or natural gas – and in some instances even safer. For decades, codes and standard of handling hydrogen have been implemented and safe system designs have been developed. Now hydrogen is produced, shipped, distributed and used safely worldwide for the use in everything from welding to hydrogenated peanut butter. Over 50 million tonnes of hydrogen are produced annually worldwide. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe, and it’s also the lightest. This means that if there is a leak in a storage tank, the hydrogen rises and diffuses quickly into non-flammable

What are hydrogen fuel cells? Are hydrogen cars good for the environment? Hydrogen fuels cells are made by running electricity through water. According to Trace Dominguez hydrogen makes up 75 percent of the universe meaning we can't run out at least not anytime soon. Some people think hydrogen cars are bad because they have an invisible flame.

There are several solutions to digress from the modern polluting ways of the car, but one of the easiest and most efficient is the usage of hydrogen to power the insurgent Hare pods.

Hydrogen nuclear plants are going to be a clean hydrogen fuel source. Also hydrogen fuel has been imagined for about 100 years or so people with the vision of this hydrogen fuel think its the new economy. When hydrogen is burned its the cleanest and outputs water transportation is looking good for us in the near future. There looking into better ways to make hydrogen but right now the only way they look at it nuclear plants do best. Every major car company is going to work on getting hydrogen-electric powered cars on the road. Hydrogen is released from a steam process from methane or natural gas. Cracking water for hydrogen takes 700 to 900 degrees. Also the economy will take decades to transition to hydrogen fuel.

It is stated in the article “Benefits of a Hydrogen Economy” in Hydrogen Future that if we use hydrogen as an energy source in the U.S.A, it could help address concerns about energy security, global climate change, and air quality. Hydrogen fuel cells appear to be an one important enabling technology for increasing energy savings and reducing global climate change; however, I suggest that much more research is needed before the nation becomes absorbed in developing the hydrogen economy. In addition to the hydrogen fuel cells, the nation should continue to investigate other technologies such as new generation diesel, hybrids and solar cells. At present these technologies have come to maturity to some degree.

As time in the future comes near, hydrogen could join electricity as an important energy carrier. An energy carrier is able to transport and deliver energy in a useable form to consumers. There are renewable energy sources such as the sun and wind, but they can’t produce energy all the time. With hydrogen being a fuel cell, it has a higher efficiency than diesel or gas engines. Most fuel cells are able to operate without making sound, compared to central combustion engines. Therefore they’re perfectly convenient to be usable in buildings such as

The natural gas alternative aids in the contribution in reducing the United States reliance on foreign oil and has the potential to become a star if more resources are focused into this technology for consumer based vehicles. A company by the name of Air Liquide, recently stated that in collaboration with Toyota, an entirely integrated hydrogen fueling framework would be implemented in the United States (Fuel Cells Bulletin, 2014).Toyota is involved with the project due to the recent release of the Mirai model which runs on hydrogen. “Hydrogen has great potential to provide clean energy. Used in the fuel cell, hydrogen combines with oxygen from the air to produce electricity, with water as the only by-product” (Fuel Cells Bulletin, 2014). The Mirai is the turning point for the automotive sector according to Wardlaw. The vehicle had more than twenty years of research and development prior to its release. The author argues that the technology is here and ready for mass consumption, but that the only piece missing is the infrastructure (Wardlaw, 2015).

This increases the size of the system exponentially. Another obstacle in the widespread use of hydrogen fuel cells is that the main catalyst used to speed up the production of oxygen is platinum, which limits the competitive pricing of units and vehicles. There has been a new catalyst discovered by scientists at the Massauchusetts Institute of Technology. The study, led by Daniel Nocera, Ph.D. found a substitute for the platinum catalyst which increases oxygen production 200 fold. This information was reported on at the 240th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts. The new catalysts formula has been licensed to Sun Catalytix, they project a two year timeframe until the electrolyzer is proven safe and effective for residential and small business use. The research team of Nocera, Mircea Dinca, Ph.D., and Yogesh Surenranath hope to find related cost-effective compenents, as well as nickel-borate compounds that can be used in long term storage for the energy produced. Durability is also another challenge facing the developers of fuel cells. Chemists are faced with the challenge of also finding suitable materials to withstand the reactions and to contain the pressure needed to hold the hydrogen fuel but still lightweight enough to meet

Hydrogen liquid is most commonly known for its use in space programs as rocket fuel (Zona, 2010). It differs to its gaseous stage mainly through storage and transportation methods – production methods are the same, however to change the fuel to liquid, several conditions are applied.

The contemporary industrial sector has been built on the capacity created by energy. The bulk of human activities from survival to economy rely on the use of energy. Indeed, widespread access to energy has a significant influence on the level of achievement a particular jurisdiction achieves (Johnstone, Mayo and Khare 572). Access to energy sources determines the quality and course of life undertaken by the residents of a specific region. Numerous factors interact to determine the supply of energy. Among them include the cost, quantities available and the extent of availability. The fact that fossil fuel is the primary source of energy means that distribution is uneven. It should be noted that oil, coal, and natural gas account for three-quarters of the global energy consumption. Indeed, it is estimated that traditional forms of energy such as wood and animal dung form the primary source of energy for close to two billion people across the globe. The realities raised by the use of fossil fuels create an incentive to explore alternative forms of energy sources. The use of hydrogen as an alternative source of energy provides several new advantages to the world in terms of abundance, pollution, and its future importance to the business world along with everyday use to the people.

The goals of this research plan is to (1) synthesize electrocatalysts based on active sites of enzymes (Hydrogenase) for hydrogen recycling; (2) do catalytic studies to understand the suitability of the catalysts; (3) focus on the rational design of fuel cell using newly made electrocatalysts; (4) develop a strategy to attach the catalysts to the electrode surface; (4) setup collaboration with engineering and other departments to meet fuel cell development goal; (5) bring financial support from industries and national funding

Before thinking that Hydrogen is ready for use right now, it should be noted that there are issues to be resolved to make this system work as perfectly as it should. As mentioned earlier, BMW has achieved some measure of success with their hydrogen fueled vehicles, but what was not mentioned is that in order for this fuel to work properly in these cars, it has to be compressed enough to provide the required amount to make it practical (around 400 miles from a full tank) therefore it has to be cooled to a temperature of -423 degrees Fahrenheit. BMW has safely achieved this with its fuel tank, but now needs to make the fuel tank cost effective and mass produce it. If it were not cooled, the fuel tank would be too large for any automobile. Also the fuel tank would have to be insulated and designed to keep it at that temperature and because it is compressed it would need to withstand 10,000 psi – 50 times the pressure of a normal gas tank.

1). In a process known as electrolysis, hydrogen is created by applying electricity to water. When applied to water, electricity breaks down the water into bubbles of oxygen and hydrogen gases. Some argue that this process would require electricity produced by current fuel sources. However, this electricity could also be supplied by solar energy. Once created hydrogen must then be stored and distributed. Hydrogen must be stored at super high pressures as a liquid. Once stored, the hydrogen will then be converted back into a gas. This area of research is making large strides to develop this storage technology. Once the researchers can overcome this stage, it will be more readily available to the public. The infrastructure for hydrogen could be adapted from the current system that is used. The gas, stations, and fueling stations could already act as a means of distribution. This means hydrogen may one day be a logical replacement for conventional fuels.

Index terms: Introduction, working, why only Hydrogen element, comparison with Batteries, cost analysis, advantages and disadvantages, applications, problems faced in Hydrofuel cells, conclusion.