Hydrolysis Report

For a detailed list of required materials, refer to the enzyme lab handout section C. The independent variable in this study was temperature. The dependent variable was rate of reaction, measured qualitatively on a scale of one to five based on the number of bubbles observed as the reaction took place. The amount of liver and H2O2, the ambient temperature, and the observation time allotted for each reaction were control variables that were kept constant throughout.

Table 2: Consists of color extract taken from a red cabbage for a natural indicator. The pH reading that was measured by using the pH meter and the result of the pH reading to determine whether the solution was acidic or basic.

MUTUALLY IDENTIFIED CONCERNS: M.H was recently diagnosis with hydrocele and presented with scrotal swelling and moderate pain. The major concern identified was pain that was occurring and that will occur post-surgical. The patient is currently receiving Ketorolac and will need to monitor for adverse side effects that can occur with this medication. This is especially concerning due to the fact that the patient has a history of peptic ulcer disease and this medication can cause gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation. In addition, monitoring for toxicity in the kidneys and liver is important as the patient is receiving Ketorolac and Ceftriaxone. Another concern that M.H has is with school and work. He needs to know approximately how long he will be out of school and work so he can inform his professors and supervisor.

Acids and bases are very important. We clean with them, we eat them, and we use them to help in chemistry. The ions who are the cause of acidic properties is H+ ions, or protons, and for basic properties, it's the OH- ions, or hydroxide ions. all of that is based on a theory called the 'dissociation of water' (which is H2O--> H+ + OH-). So the more H+ there is in a solution, the more acidic the solution is, and the less H+ there is, the more basic it is. That is why there is H+ in solution factors on the pH scale. The more protons present at one time means the pH scale decreases, and the H+ present goes down. The pH scales job is to measure the acid and base levels of a substance and how strong they are. The numbers on the scale go from 1 to 14, with 1 containing the most hydrogen ions and 14 having the least.

Discussion: By understand which separation and purification does in order, we see each eliminates a contaminate. For example, Decantation removes solids from the mix as see in Table 1. Can the order of the separation and purification change the result? If we were to Filtration first it would have pulled out the solids as well but clogged the Filtration system, as we would be eliminating too much of the contaminate at once. Slower it rate of change.

I was hired to be a new chemistry teacher at the Forest Grove High School. When I got

What are reactions? Reactions is a process that has changes in its system and force content of atoms. Theres different types of reactions. But the main reactions are: combination or synthesis reactions, decomposition reactions, substitution or single replacement reactions, metathesis or double displacement reactions. The combination or synthesis reaction is one of the most common type of reactions.

We performed the lab “Action of a Digestive Enzyme” which was amylase. Amylase splits starch molecules into sugar molecules. It will also react differently depending on temperature, light, other chemicals, etc. Our objective was to test a solution for the presence of starch or sugar and the effects of varying temperatures on the activity of amylase.

In this lab, the seeds in the pH of seven, pure water, grew the most out of both trials, just as predicted. In trial one, the radish seeds in pure water grew gradually over the period of six days, reaching the germination of 23 of the 25 seeds. However, all of the seeds in the other Petri dishes showed no growth over this course of time. Trial two mimicked about the same data, with 21 of the 25 seeds germinating in pure water and no growth in the other Petri dishes. The water in the Petri dishes that contained baking soda turned yellow and green in both trials, yet still showed no growth. At the end of the six days, the seeds in the Petri dish with a pH of seven began to turn green as the roots grew longer, resembling successful germination. Overall, these findings illustrate that seeds grow best in a pH of seven, pure water, thus proving the hypothesis

At Tingalpa creek a number of chemical tests were performed in order to collect data about the health of the waterway. Water temprature,oxygen concentration, PH level, Nitrates/nitrites, phosphorus, salinity and E.coli were tested.

The purpose of the lab “Chemical or Physical Change” is to analyze changes of matter and determine whether a physical or chemical change took place based on the observations and evidence acquired from the six experiments. Based on previous knowledge, a physical change is a change in a substance appearance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. This type of change in matter only changes the physical properties of the substance which are the properties that can be observed and measured without changing the materials composition. Examples include ripping, cutting, cracking, splitting, and changes in states of matter such as melting or freezing. This type of change in matter can usually be undone. A chemical

Metabolism: enzymes promote the detoxification of hydrophobic molecules, which are harmful, into hydrophilic molecules which can easily be transported out of the body

First used as a way to dispose of livestock; during alkaline hydrolysis lye and water are combined to break down the body into liquid and small pieces of bone. Also called digestion this concept is beginning to be used for humans as well. Although some see alkaline hydrolysis method as strange, it is the most effective version of cadaver disposal; therefore alkaline hydrolysis method should replace the more common burial methods.

When solutions of two soluble salts are mixed, a solid may form. This solid is called a precipitate, and the reaction is called a precipitation reaction. Precipitation reactions are used to make insoluble salts. In this experiment you will be exploring how concentration of reactant effect the amount of product (precipitate) being produced (RSC, 2015).

In this lab our group observed the role of pancreatic amylase in the digestion of starch and the optimum temperature and pH that affects this enzyme. Enzymes are located inside of cells that increase the rate of a chemical reaction (Cooper, 2000). Most enzymes function in a narrow range of pH between 5 through 9 (Won-Park, Zipp, 2000). The temperature for which enzymes can function is limited as well ranging from 0 degrees Celsius (melting point) to 100 degrees Celsius (boiling point)(Won-Park, Zipp, 2000). When the temperature varies in range it can affect the enzyme either by affecting the constant of the reaction rate or by thermal denturization of the particular enzyme (Won-Park, Zipp, 2000). In this lab in particular the enzyme, which was of concern, was pancreatic amylase. This type of amylase comes from and is secreted from the pancreas to digest starch to break it down into a more simple form called maltose. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides of glucose. The presence of glucose in our experiment can be identified by Benedicts solution, which shows that the reducing of sugars has taken place. If positive the solution will turn into a murky reddish color, where if it is negative it will stay clear in our reaction. We can also test if no reduction of sugars takes place by an iodine test. If starch is present the test will show a dark black color (Ophardt, 2003).