Every month, women are subjected to days of immense pain. A combination of symptoms such as cramps, headaches, mood swings, and the uncomfortable, uncontrollable sensation of expelling one's uterus lining are not things women look forward to. In addition to this discomfort, Australian women have to pay for costly feminine hygiene products such as tampons and sanitary napkins throughout decades of their lives. Despite these products being a necessity for women, they continue to be taxed in Australia through the goods and services tax (GST). Feminine hygiene products should be tax free within Australia because of the ineffective nature of the GST due to current GST-exclusions, and also because of current gender imbalances including the issues …show more content…
The Australian Taxation Office defines the goods and services tax as “a broad-based tax of 10% on most goods, services and other items sold or consumed in Australia” (2015a). Some GST-free products and services include “most basic food”, “some medical, health and care services”, “some medical aids and appliances” and “some medicines” (Australian Taxation Office, 2015b). For example, basic foods like fruit, milk and bread are GST-exclusive (Australian Taxation Office, 2014a) because they play a vital role in Australian diets and should be easily accessible. These relatively unprocessed foods contain a variety of nutrients (Cranston, 2016). Items such as lollies and chips however are not considered to be part of the basic food group and are GST-inclusive (Australian Taxation Office, 2014a) as excessive consumption may lead to adverse health issues such as obesity (Raising Children Network, 2013). As basic foods are GST-free they cost less, and consumers are more inclined to buy these cheaper options than those with GST. Although the government collects less revenue, GST-exemptions ensure that food with nutritional benefits and lower health risks are obtained easily by lower income earners. Similarly, other goods and services like condoms, sunscreen and doctor's appointments do not attract GST (Australian Taxation Office, 2014b) because they are needed to prevent illness and promote the general wellbeing of Australians. If these items were taxed, Australians would be forced to pay more for preventative health measures and as a result may forgo them completely (Welch, 2010). Although these items are only utilised occasionally, an increase in their price would have an adverse impact upon the health and safety of individuals and society and lead to increases in sicknesses such as sexually transmitted infections and skin cancers. Ultimately, this would result in more complex health issues and
According to Plog and Quinlan (2012) explains the four tenets of industrial hygiene. Furthermore, states that anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control are the useful tenants of workplace hygiene that allow an industrial hygienist to minimize the exposures of hazards by implementing appropriate controls. The controls may include proper disposal of chemical and biodegradable materials. To be effective in recognizing and evaluating on the job hazards and recommending controls, industrial hygienists must be familiar with the hazards' characteristics. Major job risks can include air contaminants, and chemical, biological, physical, and ergonomic hazards.
Eating healthy has become a thing of the past. In the essay by Mark Bittman “Bad Food? Tax it, and Subsidize Vegetables Instead” offers an idea on how to change the Standard American Diet: making healthy food cheaper and fast, processed food more expensive. Calculating the tax to increase one penny would make a difference in the price and the decision for the people as to whether or not the people are will purchase processed foods. He explains that taxes on carbonated drinks and processed foods should increase due to the amount of money it would bring into the government, and the benefits of a healthier American. Bittman’s results remove chronic health diseases that reinvent the way we eat. In “Nickle and Dimed on Not Getting by in America,”
They also noticed that people who are facing the food insecurity problem in Australia were 1.6% of women and 1.9% of men based on one of the indigenous Australians study. The longterm impacts of food insecurity can lead to obesity especially in women.The main reason is due to purchasing cheap quality foods and high fat content foods and unavailability of nutritious foods with the normal price range for low income population groups (Drewnoski and Spensor 2004). A research study noticed that there is much difference between the cost of healthy foods and unhealthy foods based on the survey in 34 victorian supermarkets. Another interesting fact that was revealed was 40 % of the income is required for a family to consume nutritional food in their everyday diet (Palermo et al. 2008). Another survey during 1998-2004 across 56 stores in Queensland revealed the cost of Healthy Food Basket (HFAB) has increased above Consumer Price Index which means high level nutritional food became more expensive when compared to less nutrition foods ( Harrison et al. 2007).The common fact that was revealed by both the studies was food became expensive for low population groups like indegnous people to maintain a healthy
The living conditions and the treatment of Australian Prisoners of War by the Japanese during World War II were horrific. The Japanese soldiers treated the Australian soldiers in such an inhumane way which resulted in the loss of many Australian lives. The living conditions included bed bugs, scare food and water. The Japanese believed the Australian soldiers were dishonourable and believed they deserved to be punished, this is the main cause of the prisoners mistreatment of prisoners. As a result many prisoners obtained illnesses and poor health. The Aftermath heavily influenced Australian prisoners in a negative way. All in all, these four main factors; living condition, treatment, health and aftermath cause a chain reaction, heavily influencing
With the emerging concerns regarding the youth directions towards the consumption of foods and drinks that are inappropriate for health leads to premature death, social utility, crime and so on. Emphasizing particularly on the Australia, Hemphill & Heerde (2014) stated that there seems to be a greater issues and dilemma regarding the Youth Binge. It had turned to be extremely problematic when the higher consumption of the alcopops occurred. The government of Australia took a various step to understanding the issues and to cope better with the situation. Taxes have been raised for the alcopops and in the year 2014/15 the government acquired 1 billion dollar taxes from it. However, the situation remained the same or become worse
The Consumers Health Forum, the Heart Foundation, the Obesity Policy Coalition and the Public Health Association all suggest that if the Federal Government put a tax on junk food and sugary drinks, it would have a distinguishable effect on the health of Australians. The aim of this idea is to tackle the issue
In a residential setting there would be cleaning policies and materials available in concordance with legislative best practice guidance these include data sheets detailing each products’ guidance relating to hazardous substances. These are kept in a file along with the products in a locked cupboard in the COSHH room. The same products are always used but data sheets are updated regularly in case of any changes within the products. Contrary to this within an individuals’ own home they would have full choice over how they cleaned their home and the cleaning materials to be used.
A fat tax would destroy people’s right of choice in a less than subtle bid from the government to tell us what to eat. Under the Constitution and the policies of Civil Liberties Australia, Australians have freedom of thought, the right to live freely and to be treated equally, as well as the right to share in the community. How can we uphold these basic, indisputable rights if we do not even have the freedom to choose what we eat?
Menstruation is nearly a universal life experience for all females. The average woman uses approximately 12,000 to 15,000 non-reusable feminine hygiene products in their lifetime (Weir, 2015). Moreover, women spend around 7 dollars on average for a box of tampons on a monthly basis (Durkin, 2017). This cost does not include additional state government imposed taxes on feminine hygiene products which adds an additional economic burden. In Michigan, tampons are classified as “optional luxury items” by the General Sales Tax Act and there is an imposed tax of 6% on top of the purchase price (S.B. 0091, 2017). According to the Senate Committee on Finance, this sales tax
Three British women recently made headlines by “free bleeding” outside the Parliament building in London. The women wore white pants and no feminine care products – making a statement on their pants about the importance of feminine care products (Gruff, 2015). In the UK –as in 40 U.S. states– there is a tax on tampons and other menstruation related products, including sanitary napkins and cups, justified under the general sales tax. Of the 10 states that do not tax feminine care products, five of those states have no sales tax. Meaning just five states have decided to abolish the sales tax on feminine care products. The sales tax applies to feminine care products under the belief that such products are “luxury” or “non-essential” purchases. (Hillin, 2015).
Health Priorities in Australia- Professional Report Assessment Task By Chloe Hodgkinson Part 1 Provide arguments as to why health promotion should be based on: i. Individuals, communities and governments. (To support your example please provide examples) Health promotion is defined as ‘the process of enabling people to increase their control over, and to improve their health’.
To protect individual health problems New Zealand authority would have introduce sugar tax, and it is important for the health community in the whole nation.
As parents, we are naturally cautious about what goes in our children's mouths. I have personally gained a stronger fear of germs since I had a baby than I have ever had before. The unknown of how many and what kind of germs going into my son's mouth is what scares me the most. Well, according to Dr. Robert Hancox of University of Otego in New Zealand, bacteria and other microbes help boost the immune system and steer away from allergic reactions in younger children. This suggestion is "hygiene hypothesis". The bacteria and microbes in this particular study comes mainly from sucking thumbs and biting nails, which some children do frequently. Dr. Hancox acknowledged that this study does not show the bacteria from these habits directly increase sensitivity to allergens.
Personal hygiene is a major part of your everyday life. It includes brushing your teeth, taking a shower, applying deodorant, wearing clean clothes, cooking your food properly, and washing your hands when necessary. There are many different types of hygiene and different ways of doing them. The types of hygiene are food and cooking hygiene, medical hygiene, and personal hygiene, there is even such a thing as excessive hygiene. Excessive hygiene may cause allergic diseases. Some parts of the body like the ear canal, or inside of the vagina are mostly better left alone for the body's own cleaning systems. Also, excessive application of soaps, creams, and ointments can adversely affect certain of the body's natural processes. For example,
Following on, as Australia’s GST policy exempts fruit and vegetables from having a tax placed upon them, abolishing this policy would have serious negative health implications on the Australian citizens. Obesity is a result of environmental factors, the government must create positive food environments as it is a crucial factor in reducing the risk of obesity and is why there should continue to be no GST on fresh fruit and vegetables (7). Studies conducted by The University of Queensland hs estimated that if the GST