Hyperbilirubinemia Case Study Answers

Newborn jaundice is a condition marked by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. The increased bilirubin causes the infant's skin and whites of the eyes (sclera) to look yellow.

Provide full antenatal care including the screening tests in the hospital, community and at home.

Also, in some rare cases, surgery is required, life threatening bleeding, perforation of the intestine and inflammation of the abnormal cavity may occur. Other risk factors are inflammation of the joints, eyes, skin and/or liver, malnutrition and partial blocking of the bile ducts which carry bile from the liver to the intestine, however, there is much that can be done about all these complications. One risk and a major one is colon cancer. The risk of developing colon cancer increases when the disorder begins in the childhood, the disorder has been present for more then 8 years and when there is a history of colon cancer in the family. There have cases that colitis can become so severe that the removal of the colon had to be done. It affects everyone differently.

Hip dysplasia is a condition at the hip which babies are born with or developed in the early stages in their life. This is due to the ball and socket joint not forming properly in babies. This condition is also known as DDH (development dysplasia of the hip). DDH can have an effect on both of the hips but it mainly affects the left hip and it is to be said that its common in first born children and girls. The thigh bone and pelvis are attached together as the hip joint attaches them with each other. The top of the femur which is shaped like a ball fits inside hip socket which is shaped like a cup. The socket of the hip is not that deep therefore the femoral head is not secured and held tight in its place, causing the hip joint to be loose.

bilirubin in the blood, this occurs with liver involvement. The liver is the site of bilirubin

Blood is drawn from the heel in what is known as a heel stick, which is then sent for analysis. It is expressed in three ways, indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin. Indirect bilirubin is the unconjugated, circulating form, direct is the conjugated form, and total bilirubin is the combination of the two (3). If the results are low, it usually is not indicative of anything wrong. Elevated direct results indicate that the liver isn’t clearing bilirubin correctly. This excess buildup of bilirubin is known as hyperbilirubinemia. It can be treated, but it can also result in death in severe cases. “Very high levels of indirect bilirubin are neurotoxic and may lead to hearing loss, gaze abnormality, athetoid cerebral palsy, and mental retardation. Therefore, prevention of sever hyperbilirubinemia is very important, particularly in preterm infants” (1).

Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition in which there is too much bilirubin in the blood. When red blood cells break down, a substance called bilirubin is formed. Babys cannot easily get rid of the bilirubin and it can build up in the blood and other tissues and fluids of the baby's body. Bilirubin has a pigment or coloring, it causes a yellowing of the baby's skin, eyes, and other tissues. This is called jaundice.

Educate parents on proper hand-washing techniques 3. Educate mother on importance of Rhogam injections 4. Advise mother to get shot on time 5. Monitor infant for any signs of jaundice 6. Monitor for any signs of distress from mother 7. Provide emotional support for family 8. Educate mother on relaxation breathing techniques 9. Monitor daily weight 10. Encourage a healthy diet for mother

1st. Keep the baby warm, it is necessary to stabilized the temperature, improving blood fluid.

Incidence estimated to be as high as 1 in 100 births.(2) Deformity usually present at birth but may not present until the first year of life, hip dysplasia and other associated anomalies should be excluded.(3) Pathogeneis is unknown but is believed to result from intrauterine crowding or positioning.(2)

Intro : congenital hip dislocation or developmental hip hyperplasia is a condition that affects hip joint in babies and young children . It is the most common anomaly that occurs in hip joint in this age . It can be Caused by breech delivery and genetic causes . It is More common in females . In this disorder , the hip joint doesn't develop normally.

long-term health effects which tend to be life threatening. I think it’s safe to say that

premature death. It may also cause depression and lead to anxiety. It may also lead to many negative

long term effects on our bodies such as: diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure and cholesterol.

Nursing Interventions • Monitor vital signs • Administer