Hyperechoic Vascular Plane: A Case Study

Directions: Label the neuromuscular (myoneural) junction. Then, read the case study below and answer the questions. Each question should be answered with FIVE or more sentences.

Movement of the deltoid begins in the cerebrum of the brain, but more specifically: in the frontal lobe, the premotor cortex is relaying instructions to the primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex contains the upper motor neurons whose axons will travel down the pyramids of the medulla oblongata and synapse on lower motor neurons in the anterior gray horns of spinal cord segments C5-C6. From there, the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C6 form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, which splits into two divisions. We will follow the posterior division that supplies to extensor muscles. This posterior division then runs into the posterior cord from which the axillary nerve is derived. The axillary nerve’s motor end innervates the deltoid through its neuromuscular junction.

9. Pacinian Corpuscles connective tissue wrapped around a nerve ending located in the deep layers of skin.

Biceps Brachii - It's attachments are the coracoid process, supraglenoid tuberosity, and radial tuberosity. When it contracts it causes flexion and supination. It's located close to the endangerment site the antecubital. This area is known for housing chronic pain.

Once inside the elbow the unlar nerveis recognized, lifted out, and moved to provide greater access to the joint. This is the "funny bone" nerve and it runs inside the ulnar groove.

Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. “Muscle Tissue.” Anatomy & Physiology. 9th

The physician inserts a tissue valve into the bigger artery there, and then takes the valve up to the

improvise and attach the nerve to the nearest muscle, causing it to differ in function. However the arm

Usually, accessing vascular structures is done through a needle to puncture the vessel percutaneously, followed by a wire introduced through the needle to secure the vascular access. The needle is then removed and a sheath is advanced over the wire. Vascular sheaths are hollow structures with a built in diaphragm to prevent bleeding. Catheters are then placed into and out of the sheath with a minimal loss of blood.11

• Nerve conduction studies. These record muscle activity and check how well your muscle nerves send signals.

ur in the forearm region. It is composed in crosses of axons which may produce changes in the innervations of the upper limb muscles, mainly motor part of intrinsic muscles in the hand (MANNERFELT, 1966; KIMURA, MURPHY and VARDA, 1976). Anastomosis in which the branch anastomotic originates proximally in the median nerve and unites distally in the ulnar nerve is known as Median- Ulnar anastomosis type or Martin-Gruber anastomosis. Martin, a Swedish anatomist, in 1763 was the first one to consider the possibility of connection between the fascicles of the median and ulnar nerves in the forearm (MARTIN, 1763). In the following century, in 1870, Gruber dissected 250 forearms and found 38 connections (GRUBER, 1870) (15.2%), thenceforth, anastomosis

Surgeons also named axillary nodes according their relationship to the pectoralis minor muscle into three levels:

After seeing how close to the humerus the radial nerve ran, it was easy to understand how mid shaft injuries can lead to radial nerve damage. Not only this, but although we had learnt about the passing of Flexor Digitorum Profundus through Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, it was amazing to see it in real life, it was actually one of the highlights of this dissection for me.

there is no pumping mechanism to do so); veins have to be able to hold

The vastus lateralis muscle forms part of the quadriceps muscle group of the upper leg and can be found on the anteriolateral aspect of the thigh. This muscle is more commonly used as the site for IM injections as it is generally thick and well formed in individuals of all ages and is not located close to any major arteries or nerves. It is also readily accessed. The middle third of the muscle is used to define the injection site. This third can be determined by visually dividing the length of the muscle that originates on the greater trochanter of the femur and inserts on the upper border of the patella and tibial tuberosity through the patella ligament into thirds. Palpation of the muscle is required to determine if sufficient body and mass is present to undertake the procedure.