Hyperkemia Vs Hypoglycemia

Diabetes can be defined as a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. This disorder usually occurs in a person’s genes. This means that many people may have diabetes because someone in their family has had it in the past. Diabetes is characterized by the minimal production and usage of insulin. This results in an excess amount of sugar in the blood and urine. Some other side effects that may occur in a patient with diabetes is, excessive thirst, weight loss, and in some. In much more serious cases of diabetes, small blood vessels are destroyed leading to infections and gangrene, which results in amputation of limbs, and blindness. Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood sugar. Blood sugar is also known

Hypoglycemia: Low blood glucose level that results from too much insulin, not enough food, or excess activity. It is defined as the presence of Whipple’s triad: manifestations consistent with low blood glucose, a low plasma glucose concentration, and resolution of symptoms or signs after plasma glucose concentration is raised. Four common causes are: 1.) excess insulin, 2.) deficient intake or absorption of food, 3.) exercise, and 4.) alcohol intake.

Some of the complications are foot injury, infections, ulcers, damage to nerve and bone, poor circulation, and possible amputation of the limb, and in this case sepsis (Mainhealth, 2018).

Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases to this day. With over 171 million cases of diabetes all over the world, this disease is spreading exponentially fast. Lesser known as Diabetes Mellitus, this disease is all about the amounts of sugar in one's body. Glucose, in particular. Glucose is the powerhouse of the body. It helps run your body by transforming into the energy that we use to function on a daily basis. Whether or not one's diabetes is minor or even off the charts it can lead to terrible outcomes. These include stroke, blindness, vascular disease and heart disease. As mentioned before, the major symptom of diabetes is that too much sugar is in one's body. This is similar to a disease previously mentioned, hemochromatosis. However,

Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing primarily vascular complications that contribute to morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Poor glycaemic control leads to vascular complications that affect large (macrovascular), small (microvascular) vessels or both. Macrovascular complications include coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and stroke. Microvascular complications contribute to diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage), nephropathy (kidney disease) and retinopathy (eye disease).

Diabetes usually affects the blood vessels and nerves, which then eventually affect the organs that are supplied by them. Damage to the blood vessels increase the risk of KS to develop cardiovascular disease such as angina, stroke, hypertension and atherosclerosis. Besides the CVS, damage to the blood vessels can also affect the kidney and causes nephropathy. Severe damage to kidney can lead to kidney failure or end stage kidney disease which required dialysis or kidney transplant. Diabetic retinopathy is another complication of diabetes, which can lead to blindness. Other serious visions conditions that are cause by diabetes includes cataracts and glaucoma. Therefore, diabetes patient like KK

If the infection in the feet and toes entered the bones, it could cause them to soften, which could result in toes falling off; although, this was seen as an advantage because the feet could then be bound even more

One of many major diabetic health complications is retinopathy. Retinopathy is the scarring of the retina, which is caused by a lack of oxygen reaching the blood vessels in the retina. As a result, the retina grows new but abnormal blood vessels that leak blood and causes scarring. Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in adults.

Diabetic retinopathy is caused by blocked blood flow to the eye, causing ischemia or increased permeability of the blood vessels in the eye. Macular edema is caused by swelling in the eye due to the increased permeability, and both of these are common causes of vision loss of those with diabetes. Some factors that can be seen in the retina from a fundoscopic exam that can cause these issues (all of which were detected in our patient), are micro-aneurysms, intrarenal hemorrhages, and hard exudates. All three of these can disrupt the blood-retinal barrier, causing issues with blood flow and swelling. Additionally, lipids and proteins both play important roles in the eye, and if there is improper breakdown of these molecules, they can make deposits in the outer layer eye. The more deposits (hard exudates) a patient has, the larger affect it can have on their vision.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by the body’s inability to metabolize glucose. Glucose is the body’s main source of fuel for energy. Too much or too little of it can cause some serious complications in the body. Normal glucose level in the blood should be between 70-120mg/dl. An increased level of more than 250 mg/dl is called hyperglycemia. Signs and symptoms “include the three ‘polys’: polyuria (excessive urination), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and polyphagia (excessive hunger)” (Rosdahl, 2012). Other signs and symptoms may include

Uncontrolled blood glucose levels damage retinal blood vessels, impacting the light-sensitive tissue that allows people to see fine details. The small vessel disease will develop in more than half of all people who have either form of diabetes, and it is the most prevalent cause of irreversible blindness among working-age Americans, according to the American Society of Retina Specialist. Symptoms may

Blindness. In 2008, approximately 4.2 million individuals with diabetes were diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy and were at risk for blindness (CDC, 2014). Diabetes continues to be the leading cause of vision loss among adults aged 20 to 74 years (CDC, 2011). High glucose levels and high blood pressure damages the tiny vessels in the eyes, specifically the retina (ADA, n.d.). These tiny arteries become blocked, causing them to swell and sometimes rupture, contributing to loss of sight (ADA, n.d.).

These changes typically affect small blood vessels in the eye and compromise the blood-retinal barrier. When viewing the retina with the use of an ophthalmoscope or via retinal imaging, haemorrhages appearing as small red spots can be seen which are leaks in the blood vessels. Overtime these tiny leaks within the affected blood vessels create inflammation within the retina. As a result of these inflammatory processes, the retina releases angiogenic factors. Angiogenic factors include the production of new blood vessels within the eye. These new blood vessels don’t have tight junctions and are therefore extremely leaky. If diabetic retinopathy is not treated it can result in severe scarring on the retina which evidently gives reduction in

The reason people with diabetes often have eye problems is because high blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the retina—this is the main cause of diabetic retinopathy. Since many diabetics have high

Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.