Hyperlipidemia Research Paper

According to the Merck Manual (2013), hyperlipidaemia is the increased synthesis of hepatic lipoproteins. Marieb (2012) explains that lipoproteins enable fat, fatty acids and cholesterol to circulate in the blood stream. They cannot do this alone due to their insolubility so they use lipoproteins as a type of transport. Nelson (2013) highlights four different varieties of lipoproteins which are chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL).

There are many risk factors which facilitate the development of atherosclerosis; abnormal blood lipids are just one of them. Blood lipids consisted of three components including cholesterol, triglycerides, and two major forms of lipoproteins: high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and Low density lipoproteins (LDLs). One of the critical components which determine the degree of blockage on the arterial walls is the quantity of cholesterol

As mentioned before, CAD is caused by the unwanted build-up of plaque within the walls of the coronary arteries which leads to restriction of blood flow to the heart (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Risk factors that are associated with increasing one’s chance of developing CAD are high cholesterol, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes/obesity, sedentary lifestyle, high stress, and family history (Mayo Clinic, 2017). There are two forms of cholesterol that travel within the blood: HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) known as the good cholesterol and LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) known as the bad cholesterol. High cholesterol is correlated with high levels of LDL cholesterol and low levels of HDL cholesterol. The reason high cholesterol levels increase

High cholesterol levels can be a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially atherosclerosis. Cholesterol accumulates inside your blood vessels which ends up getting clogged. When these vessels get clogged, plaques form which cause the atherosclerosis. (Peters Et al, 2016) There are two main forms of cholesterol, which are low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). LDL is considered the bad cholesterol because it contributes to the plaque formation (CDC, 2016). Controlling your levels of bad cholesterol is key. One important way to control these levels would be maintaining a balanced diet. There are many food sources that help maintain a healthy level of serum cholesterol, such as eating a Mediterranean

HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) help get rid of all fatty deposits from your bloodstream, which improves your cardiovascular health, promoting healthy arteries and veins. Obviously, HDLs are your good cholesterol,

Hyperlipidemia is a major health problem not a disease which is frequently associated excessive accumulation of fat in body. Hyperlipidemia can be characterized by elevated level of one or more lipid in blood such as triglycerides, total cholesterol and plasma lipoproteins including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) coupled with decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and contributes in manifestation and development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related conditions, such as coronary heart disease, ischemic cerebro-vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease.

Hyperglycemia literally means excessive glucose in the blood. It is a disease that is classified as autoimmune because it is a result of the body attacking its own pancreatic cells which inhibits the pancreas from producing the proper amount of insulin that the body requires. There are two different classifications, Type I and Type II. They are diagnosed with these categories depending on whether the body does not have enough insulin or rejects the insulin produced by the pancreas. Age does not seem to have a direct correlation with this disease. Patients can be diagnosed as a child or late adulthood, as it effects all age groups. There are many different signs and symptoms, diagnosing tools, and treatment options for this condition.

Hypercholesterolemia is “an elevation of total cholesterol (TC) and/or LDL-cholesterol or non-HDL-cholesterol (defined as the subtraction of HDL-cholesterol from total cholesterol) in the blood” (“Hypercholesterolemia”). Cholesterol is a fat-like compound that is found in all cells of a person. About 75% of the cholesterol found in the bloodstream is that made by the liver (HDL), while 25% is from food (LDL) (“Definition of …). Hypercholesterolemia is also referred to as dyslipidemia. Hypercholesterolemia may not cause symptoms but, overtime cholesterol may build up in the arteries and cause them to harden, therefore causing heart issues (“Definition of…”).

Hyperlipidemia is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by an excess of lipids in blood stream, such as the increased serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TCH), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) as well as decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (Graham et al. 1996, Xu et al. 2001). Hyperlipidemia, as the major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, is becoming a major health problem in the world (Forouzanfar et al. 2015). To identify the effect of low dose aspirin on hyperlipidemia, thirty two male rats were divided into four groups and set up on different feeding regimens for 12 week as shown in Table 1.

In the absence of the glucose 6 phosphate, glucose cannot be released from the liver. This is a causing factor of fasting hypoglycemia (Michael W King, PhD). An increase in fatty acids, caused by glycogen storage disease, leads to increased triglyceride production. This causes high cholesterol, ultimately leading to hyperlipidemia. A key factor in glycogen storage disease is hepatomegaly, which is an abnormally enlarged liver. This most often results from the hyperlipidemia.

In many cases this cholesterol can build up in the walls of arteries and cause a narrowing of blood flow, leading to heart disease among many other complications. According to Beckerman (2017), "LDL is a microscopic blob made up of an outer rim of lipo-protein and a cholesterol center. Its full name is "low-density lipo-protein" It's bad because it becomes part of plaque, the stuff that can clog arteries and make heart attacks and strokes more likely" (p.1). I can attest to this as my grandfather passed away from a myocardial infarction last November as a result of heart disease deemed to be caused by years of high cholesterol and lack of medication

Cholesterol is often misunderstood. This is important because it affects our bodies in potentially harmful ways. When people think about cholesterol, they typically think about food. Yet, only a quarter of the cholesterol in the blood comes directly from our food intake. The rest is produced by the liver as part of its regular bodily function. There are two types of cholesterol: LDL and HDL. The low-density lipoproteins are "bad" and the high-density lipoproteins are "good". It is the LDL that builds up in the arteries as plaque. High LDL is often associated with low HDL since the HDL has the job of returning the bad cholesterol to the liver for elimination

There are two types: low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) (Jernigan). High blood cholesterol can have disastrous effects but is usually not regarded as important as the levels of it are hard to identify (What is Cholesterol?). High density lipoproteins are very helpful and don’t do anything the body doesn’t want. It usually just rides the bloodstream clearing the blood of bad cholesterol and lowering the risk of coronary heart disease (HDL Cholesterol). HDL recycles the low density protein by transporting it to the liver to be reprocessed (HDL Cholesterol). Low density cholesterol, however, backlogs in atherosclerosis (LDL Cholesterol). Higher levels of this cholesterol can create blood clot in an artery narrowed by atherosclerosis (LDL Cholesterol). White blood cells that try to consume the LDL in an act of protection of the body, usually turn the LDL into a toxified version of itself, putting more risk to the body (LDL Cholesterol). LDL also puts you at a higher risk for heart disease as

High cholesterol levels can lead to a wide variety of illnesses, including diabetes and heart disease.

Accumulation of fat, LDL-cholesterol and calcium in the arterial walls leads to Atherosclerosis. The accumulated plaque might block the flow of blood in the artery leading to the loss of blood and oxygen supply to the vital organs. The blocking of blood flow by the clot results in deep vein thrombosis in the legs and pulmonary embolism in lungs. Clots mostly create problems in brain, heart and legs, although they can be seen in any part of the body. The reduction in the oxygen supply to the body parts also happens