Hypertension, High Blood Pressure

It is “a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of a brain” (Hincle & Cheever, 2014). The type of stroke Patient S experienced was assumed to be from hyperlipidemia. An atherosclerotic plaque can form in the large blood vessels in the brain. When the plaque become big enough, it can rupture or a small bit may break off and flow into small arteries, which may block the smaller artery. If the artery is occluded, blood cannot flow to certain parts of the brain and an ischemic stroke can occur. Hypertension is a major risk for strokes as well as atrial fibrillation. These diseases increase the risk of an emboli or plaque

Strokes are the fifth leading cause of deaths in America. They are also one of the leading causes of disabilities in adults. There are many factors, such as atrial fibrillation and lifestyle factors, which could lead to a potential stroke. There is the atrial fibrillation (shortened to “AFib”) and stroke connection. AFib is the constant and irregular beating of the two atria valves of the heart. The irregular heartbeats can cause blood to form clots in the heart and travel towards the brain. There are other types of risk factors that can lead to strokes, which are medical risk factors, lifestyle risk factors, and uncontrollable risk factors. Some examples of medical risk factors include high blood pressure, circulation problems, high cholesterol,

A stroke is a condition which is characterised as loss of brain functioning due to an interruption in the blood flow to the brain (Buzzard, 2013, pg. 5). There are two types of strokes, ischaemic and hemorrhagic strokes (Buzzard, 2013, pg. 6). Ischaemic strokes are the most common type of stroke (Gomes & Wachsman, 2013). This type of stroke occurs due to an insufficient flow of blood to the brain, which is usually caused by an artery blockage (Gomes & Wachsman, 2013). Hemorrhagic strokes are due to hypertension and may be caused by medical problems or blood vessel abnormalities (Gomes & Wachsman, 2013). The strokes severity and location of the brain that is affected determines the impact of the stroke in an individual (Gomes & Wachsman, 2013).(Gomes, 2013)

Alcohol has a meaningful outcome on high blood pressure, so it is important people pay more attention on the relation of alcohol and blood pressure and its outcome on the health.

With the subjective and objective data, the patient appears to be having a stroke. This patient risk factors included age, diabetes, high cholesterol and obesity. A stroke is the interruption of normal blood flow in one or more of the blood vessels that supply the brain. The tissues become ischemic leading to hypoxia or anoxia with destruction of necrosis of the neurons, glia and vasculature.

Stroke is a part of a cardiovascular disease that occurs when the supply of blood or oxygen to the brain is disrupted by a blockage in the artery or when there is usually a trauma that causes spontaneous bleeding in the brain (Duncan, Zorowitz & Lambert, 2005).

A cerebral vascular incident can happen to anyone at anytime. Some people know it be called a stroke, CVA, or brain attack. The majority of patients who have had a stoke will have another one within one year. Stoke tend to occur more often in the southern United States also known as the “stroke belt”. This may be related to the larger number of elderly, tobacco use, and obesity. A cerebral vascular accident ranks high in the major leading causes of death in the United States, and it happens nearly every four minutes. There are three different types of stroke ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient ischemic attacks. The larger number of cerebral vascular accidents is known to be ischemic. The artery that supplies the brain with blood

Blood pressure readings are noted in two separate areas, the systolic and diastole. The systole (top number) is the pressure within the arteries when the heart is contracting and pushing the blood forward. When a blood pressure is above the normal range this is notation that the heart is having to work harder to pump the blood properly within the system. The diastole (bottom number) is the pressure within the arteries when the heart is relaxed. A normal blood pressure reading is 120/80, 139/89 is pre hypertensive and 140/90 and higher is labeled as hypertensive. Elevated blood pressures can be divided into two separate categories, this is primary and secondary hypertension (HTN) (Egan & Zhao, 2013).

A stroke is a disease that affects the arteries leading into as well as within the brain. “Strokes are the 4th leading cause of death in the United States. Approximately 800,000 people have strokes every year about one every 4 seconds.”1 A stroke may cause lasting brain damage, long term disability, or possibly even death. There are three main types of strokes, ischemic, hemorrhagic and transient ischemic attacks and each come with many warning signs. A person may have an increased chance of having a stroke depending on their lifestyle and risky behaviors, and treatment is determined on what type of stroke a person has.

Mrs Alice Palmer is 54 years old, female and has had hypertension for years but does not take medication for it. Ischaemic strokes are usually caused by blood clots that form and block vessels to the bloodstream resulting in tissue in the brain dying. (Stroke Foundation - Australia, 2016). Compared to another 54 year old woman who doesn’t have hypertension, Mrs Palmer’s risk of a stroke is higher due to the hypertension. Age is another factor that contributes to the risk of having a stroke especially an ischaemic stroke, as the older you get the more chance of having a stroke increases (Stroke Foundation - Australia, 2016). Gender is said to be a risk factor as well, men have a more increased chance of having a stroke. Another factor to be

What is a stroke? What are the types of strokes? What are the symptoms of stroke? Strokes have been afflicting mankind since creation. A stroke is caused by an interruption of the blood supply to part of the brain, the term stroke comes from the fact that it usually happens without any warning, striking the person from out of the blue. A stroke can happen to anyone, some people are at higher risk for different reasons such as age or family history. Other risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, being overweight, diabetes, and high cholesterol. According to Conn Foley (1985), “At least 500,000 individuals suffer an episode of each year in the United States. About 2 ½ million survive and with intensive rehabilitation, many can lead active lives” (P. 1). In other words, it is possible to survive and recovery. Having a stroke does not mean that one should give up hope or resign oneself to a life of disability and social withdrawal. Although stroke is relatively common, few people seem to be knowledgeable about its underlying causes, the way in which it produces disability, or how it can be treated and prevented.

A stroke is a deficit or blockage of oxygenated blood to a portion of the brain. According to the American Heart Association,”stroke is classically characterized as a neurological deficit attributed to an acute focal injury of the central nervous system by a vascular cause, including cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and is a major cause of disability and death worldwide (Sacco, 2013, Introduction, para. 1)." Important modifiable risk factors for stroke are high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, lack of physical activity, illicit drug use, smoking, increased alcohol intake, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, and an unhealthy diet. Symptoms

In contrast, hemorrhagic strokes (13% of all strokes) are intracerebral or subarachnoid in nature, and occur due to ruptured vessels.4 Although hemorrhagic strokes are less common, they are more deadly to patients due to potential hydrocephalus, increased intracranial pressure, and blood vessel spasms.8,9 With regards to incidence, men are more likely to have ischemic strokes10, while women are at greater risk for subarachnoid hemorrhages.11 These strokes are typically preceded by chronic hypertension and vascular malformations, which eventually results in a ruptured aneurysm. In turn, blood accumulation

The urgency to prevent stroke and other chronic disease and their precursors (i.e., high blood pressure, and their risk factors and determinants) must be communicated effectively

Increasing incidence of hypertension and related cardiovascular disease, prompted the National Institute of health (NIH) to propose funding to determine the impact dietary patterns have on blood pressure in the (US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2015). Working with five established medical research centers in different US cities, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) feeding trial was developed to investigate the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure (Appel et al., 1997). The original study began in 1993, and completed in 1997. The study was novel in that it included a team comprised of nutritionists, nurses, doctors, and the research coordinators. The DASH diet was created to provide high levels of nutrients previously identified to help reduce blood pressure that had proven ineffective at reducing blood pressure in supplement form or individually (Appel et al., 1997). The DASH trial, was unique in that it was constructed to test dietary patterns and their effect on blood pressure, rather than looking at individual nutrients (Appel et al., 1997).