Hypertension : High Blood Pressure

Potassium works with sodium to regulate the body’s water balance. The kidneys help to control the blood pressure by controlling the amount of fluid stored in the body. Therefore, the more fluid then the higher the blood pressure is. The kidneys do this by filtering out the blood and extracting any extra fluid, which then is stored in the bladder as urine. This is done very delicately as both sodium and potassium pull the water across the wall of the cells from the bloodstream into a collecting channel that leads to the bladder. When eating to much salt, the amount of sodium in the bloodstream will be imbalanced compared to the amount of potassium and thus reducing the ability of the kidneys remove the extra fluid. Eating more fruit and vegetables, the potassium levels increase and can help restore the chemical imbalance. However, there is a possibility of too much potassium, also known as hyperkalemia, which can lead to other issues like renal failure.

Abuse of dietary sodium, potassium and alcohol have been linked to the propagation of hypertensive symptoms. Consumption of sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as table salt, has been a key player in the procurement of hypertension. (Koliaki & Katsilambros, 2013) Recommended intake designated by the Department of Health and Human Services recommends 2300mg for healthy individuals and 1500mg for individuals who are older, African American and or have hypertension, diabetes or chronic kidney disease. (Gupta, Georgiopoulou, Kalogeropoulos, Dunbar, Reilly, Sands, et. al., 2012) Sodium intake in relation to potassium intake has also been shown to have an affect on hypertension. Research conducted on hypertensive rats found evidence that supports higher levels of potassium acquired through natural food sources, contributed to lower blood pressure levels. The rats that were kept on a diet lower in potassium also exhibited higher mortality rates than their potassium pumped counterparts. (Liu, Wang, Kincaid-Smith, Witworth, et .al., 2014) Alternately, modifications to the diet and weight loss has also been shown to have a positive effect on preventing hypertension (Appel, Brands, Daniels, Karania, Elmer, et. al., 2006) Overall, the monitoring of dietary salt, potassium and weight loss or maintenance are all variables in preventing blood pressure increases and

Lastly, blood pressure is associated with ones diet and lifestyle. It is amazing when one’s diet consist of a high intake of salt they will shows signs of hypertension. Studies have shown that people who did not use salt shown no signs of hypertension. Monitoring the intake of salt will improve blood pressure readings drastically although; it is not the only contributor to high blood pressure. Increasing activity levels has also been known the lower blood pressure readings.

If the blood pressure is elevated because of weight problems, then further medication may have to be prescribed to control the hypertension. This can be difficult to administer because of the alcohol in the person's body can have an dangerous effect from the medication being prescribed for them.

High Blood Pressure in my family history is related to lifestyle practices which is eat too much salty food.

The natural salt in food accounts for about 10 percent of total intake, on average, according to the FDA guidelines. The salt that we add to our food when cooking and at the table adds another 5 to 10 percent. About 75 percent of our total salt intake comes from salt added to processed foods by manufacturers and salt that cooks add to the food at restaurants and other food service establishments. The FDA states that the possible negative health

It is also important to stay active and maintain proper fluid levels. If you are dehydrated the sodium level of your body will increase because your body is trying to hold all the water it has. The body retains the sodium because sodium has the ability to help cells hold water. This increase in sodium causes blood pressure to increase. For proper blood pressure control it is recommended to drink at least two liters (about 9 cups) of water per day (not softened water). Unfortunately, most of us (it is estimated over 75%) are chronically

Hypertension is characterized by chronic elevated blood pressure1. It can be a predisposing factor or secondary to heart failure. In the US, there are 75 million individuals who have hypertension with two thirds of individuals 65 years or older diagnosed. Various factors can contribute to the development of hypertension including renal disease, thyroid disease, dysregulation of hormones, and alcohol consumption. The disease also highly correlates with age as even individuals 55 years old with normal blood pressure have a 90% lifetime risk of developing hypertension with age. Left untreated, hypertension can result in retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, and stroke with the most common cause of death being coronary artery disease. The diagnoses of hypertension is primarily done by the monitoring of blood pressure with multiple readings of systolic pressure greater than 140 mmHg and diastolic pressure greater than 90 mmHg indicating stage one hypertension1,2. The evaluation of the eyes, heart, thyroid, and renal system are also important in understanding the cause and extent of hypertension. Initial treatment involves lifestyle and diet modifications such as exercise, smoking, cessation, and limited sodium intake. Patients unresponsive to lifestyle and diet modification or have a blood pressure greater than 160/100 mmHg are recommended by the American Heart Association to begin drug therapy. Current JNC-8 guidelines dictate the goal of treatment to reduce blood pressure

In a study of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), researchers discovered that people who consume too much salt often have an increasing amount of fluid in the body, which directly raises blood pressure. We like salt. Salt makes our food taste better that unflavored. Most of the sodium comes from our food when we are preparing them. However, people added too much salt for seasoning

Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major health issue worldwide, in addition to the vast amounts of strokes, chronic kidney diseases (CDK), and heart failures. However, organized hypertension prevention and control interventions have demonstrated to decrease the detrimental outcomes. Additionally, the management of salt consumption also displays a decrease of blood pressure towards the population at risk. A global-base assessment of hypertension programs and salt consumptions was performed. This quantitative data provided geographical patterns, which was evaluated to identify and determine which countries are in greatest need. Understanding, which countries need attention will help promote and spread hypertension programs and salt management to decrease high blood pressure related outcomes.

Hypertension is widely considered to be one of the most important risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (angina, arrhythmia, etc.). It is the second leading disease that causes mortality in the world. Hypertension is the condition when there is an increase in the force of blood on the walls of vessels. It can also be defined as an arterial blood pressure that is raised above 140/90 mm Hg (systolic/ diastolic BP). Hypertension can be classified into Secondary hypertension and Essential hypertension. When specific cause is evident but heredity, and various physiological parameters play a role in increasing blood pressure is known as Essential Hypertension. Secondary Hypertension is one where the cause is known. According to WHO guidelines between 2006 and 2015, deaths due to cardiovascular diseases are expected to increase by 17% while the deaths from infectious diseases, nutritional deficiencies, maternal and prenatal conditions are projected to decline by 3%. The main causes of hypertension includes the age ,hereditary, gender, extra weight, alcohol consumption, stress life, lazy life etc.

Elevated blood pressure is associated with several factors including genetic, environmental, lifestyle and psychosocial factors(7, 8).In this vein, dietary intake is one of the mainenvironmental risk factors related to elevated blood pressure(8, 9). Established modifiable risk factors for elevated BP are lower intakes of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, vegetable protein, glutamic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PFA) . Other dietary factors possibly related to elevatad blood pressure

Approximately one in every three adult’s ages 20 years old and older are diagnosed with high blood pressure or hypertension. Hypertension affects 78 million people in the United States and is equally prevalent in both men and woman (Crabtree et al., 2013). Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Hajjar & Kotchen, 2003). It can lead to stroke, myocardial infarction, renal failure, heart failure, neurological issues, and death if not detected early and not treated properly (James, Oparil, Carter, & et al., 2014). Approximately 9.4 million deaths in 2010 were attributed to high blood pressure (Angell, De Cock, & Frieden, 2015). About 54% of strokes, 47% of coronary heart disease, and 25 % of other cardiovascular diseases are attributed to high blood pressure (Arima, Barzi, & Chalmers, 2011).

Theme: Correlation between the percentage of salt in food and their calories – good nutrition?

The two major types of hypertension are primary and secondary. Primary hypertension accounts for more than 90% of all cases and has no known cause, although it is hypothesized that genetic factors, hormonal changes, and the altercations in sympathetic tone all may play a role in its development. Secondary hypertension develops as a consequence of an underlying disease or condition. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is a major public health issue. When blood pressure is controlled, cardiovascular, renal disease, and stroke may be prevented. The JCN, reported more than 122 million individuals in American are overweight or obese, consume large amounts of dietary sodium and alcohol, and do not eat adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables; less than 20% exercise regularly. Both modifiable and non-modifiable factors play a role in the development of hypertension