Hypertension : Hypertension And Essential Hypertension Essay

Essential hypertension, otherwise known as primary or idiopathic hypertension, is a condition of raised blood pressure with no identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension occurs when blood pressure elevation results from a specific and potentially treatable cause. These include renal diseases, endocrine causes, congenital cardiovascular causes and pregnancy.

There are two types of hypertension depending on the etiology; primary and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension is as a result of idiopathic causes and develops gradually for many years. It is therefore associated with the adults. The most probable causes of primary HTN are poor lifestyle choices like poor diet, stress, obesity and sedentary life styles (Mayoclinic staff, 2014). The other type –secondary hypertension- is caused by underlying known diseases. The most common diseases which cause this type of high blood pressure are associated with the endocrine system (Mayoclinic staff, 2014).

Before hypertension can be explained, it is best to understand blood pressure as a whole. Blood pressure is a natural, changeable function in the human body. It is measured on a scale that can vary from low (hypotension), to normal, to high (hypertension).

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Conditions that increase heart rate or stroke volume will increase the cardiac output. Factors that that increase blood viscosity will increase peripheral resistance. Risk factors for hypertension may include family history, race, stress, obesity, diet high in fat or sodium, use of tobacco or oral contraceptives, sedentary life style and ageing, sleep apnea.

It has been shown that in the United States approximately 50 million adults have primary high blood pressure (BP) or essential hypertension.(1,2) One in seven people can expect to have high BP at some time during their life. A substantial reduction in life span is seen even for borderline hypertension.(3) In this case study the patient demonstrates essential hypertension. Essential hypertension accounts for 80-95% of high blood pressure cases and applies to individuals with elevated blood pressure and no demonstrable cause, whereas secondary hypertension is named for causes where the causative factors are known.(2,3) Essential hypertension is thought to be a multifaceted disease with abnormalities of regulatory mechanism normally associated with control of blood volume, sodium excretion, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance.(4) Hypertension has been shown to be one of the most common reasons for visits to primary care providers.(1) Hypertension remains one of the most modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease globally. Non-modifiable risk factors for hypertension include greater than 55 years old and male. Family history of premature cardiovascular disease is also a risk factor for males less than 55 and females less than 65 years old. Risk factors that can be modified include sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, abdominal obesity, abnormal

In classical essential hypertension both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures are high, but isolated systolic and isolated diastolic hypertension are also seen. Malignant or accelerated hypertension is associated with a rapid rise in arterial pressure and, if untreated, results in rapid end-organ damage and death(3). Obesity-related hypertension is an important public health issue. As the prevalence of obesity increases, the prevalence of hypertension with its associated CV risk will increase as well. (4)

The occurrence of hypertension, a chronic condition, is increasing in developing countries such as Thailand due to the sociological, political and economic changes and the

Hypertension is classified as a sustained increase in blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries, which carry blood from your heart to other parts of your body. Unfortunately, high blood pressure often has little to no warning signs or symptoms. With that being said, it is an important risk factor for several serious pathophysiologic conditions, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, congestive heart failure and renal disease. There are two different types of hypertension: primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. Primary hypertension results from a complex interaction between genes and the environment. Secondary hypertension, on the other hand, refers to sustained

Hypertension (HTN), or high blood pressure, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disorders and is one of the most common health issues among adults. It affects nearly 50 million people in the United States and over 1 billion around the world (Porth, 2015, p. 425). Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted on arterial walls as blood is pumped from the left ventricle of the heart. A certain amount of pressure is necessary in order to perfuse blood throughout the whole body. Normal blood pressure has a systole of 120 and diastole of 80. Long-term excessive pressure, however, will result in harmful effects (Lemone, 2015, p. 967).

In other words, what are the causes of hypertension? Blood pressure lowers and rises regularly during the day. It lowers during times of rest and rises upon awakening. It also rises during times of excitement, anxiety and physical activity. The main causes and risk factors are that of age, race, size, sex, and lifestyle choice. Within the risk of age, everyone is at a greater risk of high blood pressure as they grow older. African-American adults are at greater risk that those of other races and the males are at higher risk at a younger age. The women are more at risk as they get older. Those people who eat salt-rich and fatty food and use alcohol and tobacco are at risk for hypertension as

Hypertension is a very common condition that affects many people in the world . Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure and it is when your blood pressure is above normal. Around 75 million people in the world suffer from hypertension. Hypertension can affect anyone in the world. That shows how common this condition really is. Hypertension happens when the body's smaller blood vessels narrow, which causes the blood to have a lot of extra pressure against the vessels wall, which makes the heart work harder. High blood pressure is usually identified when the blood pressure succeeds 140 over 90 while the normal average blood pressure is 120 over 80. This is bad for the heart because too much pressure can lead to other conditions like

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) is a sickness that a great many individuals of different varieties are influenced by. In spite of the fact that stress and emotional pressure can incidentally expand pulse; however it would not be considered as hypertension. Hypertension normally is there with no manifestations. It may happen and stay inconspicuous for a long time. Individuals, until told by a therapeutic doctor by large disregard hypertension. Individuals are not mindful of how hypertension influences the body, how it is measured, what the side effects are of hypertension, and what individuals/ethnic gatherings are influenced by hypertension more than an alternate. Late research has uncovered that under diagnosed hypertension influences millions and a huge number of individuals extending from youths to the elderly.

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The two major types of hypertension are primary and secondary. Primary hypertension accounts for more than 90% of all cases and has no known cause, although it is hypothesized that genetic factors, hormonal changes, and the altercations in sympathetic tone all may play a role in its development. Secondary hypertension develops as a consequence of an underlying disease or condition. The prevention and treatment of hypertension is a major public health issue. When blood pressure is controlled, cardiovascular, renal disease, and stroke may be prevented. The JCN, reported more than 122 million individuals in American are overweight or obese, consume large amounts of dietary sodium and alcohol, and do not eat adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables; less than 20% exercise regularly. Both modifiable and non-modifiable factors play a role in the development of hypertension