Hypertrophy Research Paper

Neoplastic growth proliferate (process of cell division) to form new tissue; There is no waiting for signals from the body that new tissue is needed; The ignore signals to stop dividing; They do not mature normally (differentiate), to do the job the tissue is supposed to do. They do not die off (apoptosis), to keep the number of total cells constant.

As this disease progresses and the workload of the heart is consistently increased, ventricular hypertrophy occurs. At first, the hypertrophied heart muscles will increase contractility, thus increasing cardiac output; however, as hypertrophy of the ventricular myocardial cells continues, it begins to have poor contractility, requires more oxygen to perform, and has poor circulation from the coronary arteries. This can result in heart tissue ischemia and lead into cardiac dysrhythmias (Lewis et al. 2014, 768).

When exercising, the weight or stress you’ve produced to the muscles can create resistance and then contraction of the muscles can be drawn out. These contractions enable the muscles significantly increase in size. Along with the increase in size is the increase in strength as well. Repeated exercise, coupled with weight bearing activities, hypertrophy, and medical term for increase in muscle size, of the muscles will be evident.

Muscle atrophy is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function that occurs when there is a long period of inactivity of the muscles or defects in motor neuron's (Reilly, Beau 2015). Defects in the motor neurons that stimulate the muscle cause the muscle mass to decrease as proteins that initiate contractions of muscle dissipate. Stimulus is not transferred to the weakened muscle fibers effectively, reducing the contractile force possible for generation from the stimulus. Muscle mass increases upon recovery, as restimulation of the muscle enlarges fiber size, thus a greater contractile force can be generated from the stimulus.

Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. “Muscle Tissue.” Anatomy & Physiology. 9th

Right ventricular hypertrophy is where the muscle of the right ventricle is thicker than usual and causes the heart to work harder than normal to move blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve.

Muscle hypertrophy— results mainly from high-intensity resistance exercise such as weight lifting, which pits muscles against high resistance or immovable forces. Here, strength not stamina is important. The additional muscle bulk largely reflects the increased size of individual muscle fibers rather

In metaplasia one adult cell type is replaced with another adult cell type.For more information on this topic, consult:Pathophysiology Made Incredibly Easy, 4th Edition, page(s) 7

As cardiomyopathy progresses, the heart becomes weaker and is less able to pump blood normally. This results in heart failure. There are different types of cardiomyopathy- hypertrophic, dilated, and restrictive. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy occurs when the heart muscle cells enlarge which causes the thickening of the left ventricular wall. Although the ventricle size stays normal, the thickening makes it harder for the heart to pump blood. In some cases, the septum also thickens and expands to the left ventricle which causes a blockage of blood flow out of the left ventricle. The cause of the disease is unknown but hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is usually caused by changes in the genes in heart muscle proteins. It can also develop due to

Cardiac hypertrophy is the enlargement of the lower, ventricular walls of the heart. Most commonly occurring in the left ventricular side, cardiac hypertrophy can occur on one side or both. Characterized by abnormal heart muscle growth it can be a healthy response to pregnancy or exercise. However, an increase in heart size could also be a sign of hypertension, diabetes, muscular dystrophy, obesity, or cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophy of the heart can be adaptive or maladaptive, therefore the growth may not lead to an increase in cardiac output.

Clear, J. (n.d.). Why everyone should lift weights: 3 benefits that nobody ever talks about.

The further the muscle is stretched the bigger the force it exerts. This is a linear effect.

A decrease in cell size or cell number is known as atrophy, whereas hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of the cell. An increase in the number of cells in a tissue via mitosis is labeled hyperplasia. Metaplasia is when one particular type of cell is replaced with another cell type. This kind of adaptation is reversible, can be physiologic or pathologic, but is not cancerous. Prolonged metaplasia, however, can turn into dysplasia, which can be cancerous. Dysplasia is not considered to be

muscle grows there is not a increase in the amount of muscle fibers, since this

It can also be defined as progressive loss of skin and soft tissues. Body flattens as the decomposition gasses escape.