The sympathetic supply of the rectum and the left colon arises from:
1. L-1, L-2, and L-3. Preganglionic fibers, through the lumbar sympathetic nerves which synapse in the preaortic plexus, and the postganglionic fibers follow the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery and superior rectal artery to reach the left colon and upper rectum. The lower rectum is innervated by the presacral nerves which are formed by the fusion of the aortic plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves. Just below the sacral promontory, the presacral nerves gives rise to hypogastric plexus (or superior hypogastric plexus). Two main hypogastric nerves, on either side of the rectum, carry sympathetic innervation from the hypogastric plexus to the pelvic plexus which lies
The cervical spinal nerve C3-5 innervate the phrenic nerve. These are the lower motor neurons.
These receptors record on a extensive form of sensory modalities including changes in temperature, stress, touch, sound, mild, style, odor, physique and limb actions, and even blood pressure and chemistry. Scientists have recognized for nearly a hundred thirty years that distinct afferent nerve fibers of the peripheral nervous procedure are in contact with specialized non neural receptive buildings which realize and transmit sensory knowledge from the periphery to the Central Nervous System. The non neural receptive structure in conjunction with its afferent nerve fiber is mainly called a
Movement of the deltoid begins in the cerebrum of the brain, but more specifically: in the frontal lobe, the premotor cortex is relaying instructions to the primary motor cortex. The primary motor cortex contains the upper motor neurons whose axons will travel down the pyramids of the medulla oblongata and synapse on lower motor neurons in the anterior gray horns of spinal cord segments C5-C6. From there, the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C6 form the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, which splits into two divisions. We will follow the posterior division that supplies to extensor muscles. This posterior division then runs into the posterior cord from which the axillary nerve is derived. The axillary nerve’s motor end innervates the deltoid through its neuromuscular junction.
Response: That specific cranial nerve is the Hypoglossal (XII) nerve and it belongs to the Sensory Somatic nervous system.
p.483 The cell bodies of primary-order neurons or pain-transmitting neurons reside in the dorsal root ganglia just lateral to the spine along the sensory pathways that penetrate the posterior part of the cord. The second order neurons are found in the dorsal horn (p.484) Most nociceptive information tranvels by means of ascending columns in the lateral spinothalamic tract (also called the anterolateral funiculus). The principal target for nociceptive afferents is the thalamus (the major relay station of sensory information in general) Third order neurons project to portions of the CNS involved in the processing and interpretation of pain, the chief areas being the reticular and limbic systems and cerebral cortex. (p 484)
A mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a
The superficial peroneal nerve runs under the peroneus longus muscle supplying the peroneus longus muscle and peroneus brevis muscle. It then continues down to the foot as a sensory nerve. The deep peroneal nerve runs under the peroneus longus muscle and extensor digitorum longus muscle, supplying the tibialis anterior muscle and peroneus tertius muscle. It emerges medial to the tibialis anterior muscle and runs with the anterior tibial vessels under the extensor
The rectum is near the bottom part of the large intestine. The end of the rectum is the anus. I can remember this by tracing the path in the photo.
A and Cδ fibers of the first order neurons carrying nociceptive signals from the periphery,
Porges theory recognises his important discoveries on the vagus nerve which changed previous understanding and functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Prior to this discovery, it was understood that the system operated in a balanced sympathetic/parasympathetic way. Porges research changed the outlook and understanding on the system, firstly with the vagus nerve in mammals having two branches, and secondly that the newest branch is able to prevent other nervous system activity.
The play Hamlet by William Shakespeare describes the tragic tale of a prince who is in the pursuit of revenge after discovering that murder took place upon his father. The protagonist Hamlet shows many mixed emotions throughout the play. Before finding out that his father had been murdered, Hamlet already had a buildup of displeasure towards his uncle. A large portion of his dislike was mainly because the throne had been passed onto the wrong individual and not Hamlet himself. There are key parts in the play that demonstrate Hamlets sanity.
Transition of signals from presynaptic to postsynaptic cells within the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
Take notice of figure.1 in the illustrated diagram that the sympathetic nervous system originates in the spinal cord. Specifically, the cell bodies of the first neuron are located in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. Axons from these neurons project to a chain of ganglia located near the spinal cord. In most cases, this neuron makes a synapse with another postganglionic neuron in the ganglion. A few preganglionic neurons go to other ganglia outside of the sympathetic chain and synapse there. The postganglionic neuron then projects to the "target" - either a muscle or a gland.
The hypothalamus transmits nerve impulses that go through brain stem, spinal cord, and preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers to adrenal medulla, then will
Marijuana is an unhealthy drug and it can cause a lot more damage than you think. It can cause so much harm to your body. It is very addicting and people think that it is a harmless little plant but in reality, it can cause so much harm to your body. So many people in America are smoking Marijuana and they think that it doesn’t do anything to harm them because it is an all natural plant. Marijuana is smoked all over America and in some places it is illegal and others it it legal.