Hypoglycaemic Case Studies

Urinary tract infections are one of the most hospital-acquired infections in the country. With so much technology and evidence based practice, why is this still an ongoing problem worldwide? Could it simply be the basics of hygiene or just patient negligence? The purpose of this paper is to identify multiple studies that have been done to reduce or prevent hospital associated urinary tract infections. In these articles you will find the use of different interventions that will aid in lowering the risk of these hospital acquired infections.

The patient is a 45 year old man who had GI surgery 4 days ago.  He is NPO, has a nasogastric tube, and IV fluids of D51/2saline at 100 mL/hr.  The nursing physical assessment includes the following:  alert and oriented; fine crackles; capillary refill within normal limits; moving all extremities, complaining of abdominal pain, muscle aches, and "cottony" mouth; dry mucous membranes, bowel sounds hypoactive, last BM four days ago; skin turgor is poor; 200 mL of dark green substance has drained from NG tube in last 3 hours.  Voiding dark amber urine without difficulty.  Intake for last 24 hours is 2500mL.  Output is 2000mL including urine and NG drainage.  Febrile and diaphoretic; BP 130/80; pulse 88; urine specific gravity 1.035; serum

The purpose of this paper is to identify an issue identified by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing NCLEX examination blueprint. The identified issue that I will be addressing for this paper is catheter associated urinary tract infections and is under the category of safety and infection control; according to (INSERT NCSBN CITATION) this issue falls under the overview of safe and effective care for patients. The importance of addressing this issue is one that can potentially aid in the patient having a higher satisfaction rate for the facility and the facility not potentially having to pay for services not covered by insurance after the infection develops.

The patient is 65-year-old gentleman who presented to the emergency room with fever, urinary urgency, lower abdominal pain, no nausea no vomiting. The wife also reported that the patient had a leak from the Foley catheter. The patient this has a history of hypertension, dementia and enlarged prostate. He is been followed by urologist at St. Hackensack University Hospital and currently has a urinary retention with indwelling Foley catheter. He presents to our ED with a temp of 102.3, white count of 24.6 which goes up to 25.5 and the left shift. Urinalysis reveals him to be dehydrated with specific gravity greater than 1030, positive nitrates, positive large, leukoesterase, a large amount of blood and his cultures immediately grew Escherichia

Follow the protocol for a possible hypoglycaemic episode. While taking his BGL I would confirm his "feelings" checking for other signs and ask if he had eaten all of his last meal. I would check his notes and confirm his last dose of medication and time given, consulting with the RN if unsure. (Learning Guide states 3.5mmol/L as a hypo).

Patient G.M. is a four-year-old female from a middle class family living in San Diego. She originally presented with her mother and father to her general practitioner with lethargy and several vomiting episodes in the past few days. Her father stated concern after realizing her frequent urination in the past week. Her vital signs upon initial assessment were HR 140 RR 22 Temperature 102.7 degrees Fahrenheit, BP 70/62, O2 saturation 97%, 32 pounds, and 40 inches tall. Her General practitioner was concerned about type I diabetes and performed a blood sugar check. Upon assessment the monitor read HI, indicating that the level was above 500 and too high for the monitor to read. The doctor informed them she needed immediate treated in the closest pediatric ER due to the potential for diabetic ketoacidosis.

Emily is an 83 year old mother of three who was admitted to the ICU for sepsis from a UTI. She has been in the ICU for two days. She has not been intubated during her stay, however her lactate level is rising. She is awake, alert and oriented. Daughter is at bedside. During catheter care using chlorhexedine wipes, she experienced increasing discomfort and complained of a strong burning sensation in between her legs and vaginal area. She was becoming distraught.

Bacteria in the urine commonly makes an enzyme that changes urinary nitrates to nitrites. Nitrites in the urine are usually a sign of urinary tract infections (UTI). When testing unknown urine 3 there was a slightly positive result, giving the impression that unknown 3 could have a UTI. Since majority groups got a negative result for the presence of nitrite, it is highly likely that unknown 3 does not have nitrite in their urine. If they do, the cause of UTI’s is a bacteria in the bladder which travels through the body when the bladder is emptied through urination. Treatments for the UTI usually include antibiotics and pain medications. To prevent future UTI’s unknown 3 should drink plenty of water, as well as cranberry juice to allow the bacteria to get flushed

“Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a disorder of insufficient activity of ADH, leading to polyuria (frequent urination) and polydipsia (frequent drinking)” (Huether & McCance, 2012, P.449). There are two forms, neurogenic or central DI can occur with injury or some drug to posterior pituitary gland interferes with abnormalities in ADH secretion. Second nephrogenic is failure of the renal tubes to concentrate urine in respond to ADH. In DI the individual has difficulty concentrating urine whether partial or total. The lack of ADH allows filtered water to be excreted in the urine instead of reabsorbed. Results in excretion of large volumes of dilute urine, leading to increase plasma osmolality. The disorder triggers excessive urination and thirst and fluid intake. Urine output can range from 1 to 2 liter/day averaging 8 to 12 liter/day with low specific gravity. Loss of fluid output without replacement the individual can rapidly develop dehydration. The individual that is unable to maintain the appropriate water balance hypernatremia and hyperosmolality will occur. Laboratory test a 24hour urine, serum electrolyte and glucose level. Urine

Reactive hypoglycemia, a rare form of hypoglycemia, increases insulin levels after the consumption of excess carbohydrates, leading to a drop in blood glucose levels. This differs from conventional hypoglycemia where blood glucose drops several hours after a meal, but can easily be returned to normal by the consumption of food. Reactive hypoglycemia can cause fatigue, dizziness, shakiness, and in extreme cases, a coma. Although no effective treatments exist, glucagon, a peptide hormone derived from pancreatic alpha cells, seems to reduce symptoms. In the proposed experiment, the effectiveness of glucagon relative to a regimen of dietary control, exercise, and Acarbose will be tested on Zucker-diabetic-fatty (ZDF) rats (Rattus rattus). Three

Hypoglycemia occurs when the glucose level in the blood is too low. Glucose is a type of sugar that is the body's main energy source. Certain hormones (insulin and glucagon) control the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin lowers blood glucose, and glucagon increases blood glucose. Hypoglycemia can result from having too much insulin in the bloodstream, or from not eating enough food that contains glucose.

On the date of December 30th, 2015 an African American male, sixteen years of age, was admitted to Sinai-Grace Hospital. This young man had been brought in by his mother, due to him complaining of PolyUria (Frequent or Excessive Urination) and PolyDipsia (Excessive Thirst). Before being admitted to Sinai-Grace hospital this young man sat in Botsford Hospital waiting room for over 7 hours due to his illness not being priority even though he was teetering on the cusp of appendage amputation. Once finally admitted to Sinai-Grace they noticed he had surpassed standard adolescent glucose levels and achieved a 13.1 A1C (Glycated hemoglobin). Why did this young man even get this far along in the chain of diabetes that he could have died? Was it his

Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism—the way the body uses digested food for growth and energy. Most of the food people eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body. After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach. Insulin is a hormone that helps glucose enter the body's cells, where the sugar is used for fuel. Women with diabetes are resistant to the insulin that is produced in their body. As the resistance increases, glucose is no longer pushed from the blood into the cells. The body

Hypoglycaemia is a medical emergency characterized by low serum glucose levels and if not treated correctly, can cause significant morbidity and mortality. (1-6) Hypoglycaemia often occurs as a result of treatment for Diabetes Type 1 and 2, yet can also affect non-diabetic casualties. (1-4, 6-9) This paper will reflect on the pre-hospital clinical management of hypoglycaemia, by critically analysing a large portion of Australian pre-hospital treatment guidelines, in relation to international practices, current evidence based literature and investigating potential areas for change.

This prospective study was carried out at nephrology unit of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT) Pakistan, from November 2012 to May 2013. SIUT is a big tertiary care center for nephro-urology patients. All adult patients with known underlying diabetes presenting with suspected acute renal failure in the setting of recognizable acute insult were included in the study. For the purpose of this study ARF was considered