Hypoparathyroidism Research Paper

The most cause of hypocalcemia for this patient is osteomalacia for many reasons. First, this patient had a history of Crohn disease and multiple bowel resection surgeries. That effect on the absorption of vitamin D or breaking down food to release vitamin D. As a result, calcium was decreased because vitamin D decreased which helps to absorb calcium. The second reason is her weight loss 32 pounds after she had surgery three years earlier, which also lead to decrease vitamin D that helps to decrease calcium absorption.

In conclusion, it is finalized that Dorothy Lincoln is diagnosed with Hyperparathyroidism based on the blood test results we received. These results also debunked the other chronic illnesses(Hashimoto’s Disease and Crohn’s disease) our patient could possibly have. As mentioned above, there is a handful of treatments to alleviate the devastation caused by this disease. While the prognosis for recovery appears positive if parathyroidectomy is performed on the patient. Generally speaking, It is crucial for patients diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism to seek ways to help with the symptoms caused by this disease such as fatigue and weakness. No matter what type of treatment the patient may receive for hyperparathyroidism, whether it is taking medication

There are many causes of hyperthyroidism, but the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are the same no matter what causes the over expression of thyroid hormones. The main symptoms of hyperthyroidism are fatigue, shortness of breath, weak muscles, anxiety, difficulty sleeping and heart palpitations. Interestingly, even with an increase in appetite the patient will have weight loss.

Hyperparathyroidism occurs when your parathyroid glands make too much PTH and trigger you to have too much calcium in the bloodstream. A number of things can trigger your parathyroid glands to make too much PTH, including a growth on the parathyroid glands, enlargement of 2 or more of the parathyroid glands or medical conditions such as kidney failure and rickets. Hyperparathyroidism is hereditary. More women develop hyperparathyroidism than men, especially women who have gone through menopause. Hyperparathyroidism is also more common in older people. People who have vitamin D insufficiency are also at an increased possibility of developing hyperparathyroidism, because vitamin D helps your body absorb the calcium in your bloodstream. People who take lithium (typically prescribed to treat bipolar disorder) are also at an increased risk for

According to Goltzman (2014), some of these reasons include a thyroid irregularity, renal problems, magnesium imbalance, hypercalcemia treatment, and cancer treatment. These illnesses, among many other, are generally related to either the amount of magnesium in the body, or how the parathyroid hormone is working in the body (Goltzman, 2014). Another aspect of the regulatory portion of the body that can affect the calcium levels is vitamin D (Goltzman, 2014). The most common hormone that effects the levels of calcium in the body is the parathyroid hormone (Goltzman, 2014). When the levels of the parathyroid hormone decrease, the calcium levels decrease as well due to the parathyroid hormone release being insufficient (Goltzman, 2014). It is of high importance for the nurse to understand when treating hypercalcemia, to monitor for the signs of hypocalcemia since the medication is attempting to decrease the calcium level and there is the potential for them to decrease to far (Goltzman,

It is associated with problems such as insomnia, lack of appetite, weak muscles, lack of concentration/ confusion, and nausea. It therefore, explains the reason as to why the patient in this case scenario is complaining of sleepless nights and appetite loss. Hyperkalemia grounds abdominal cramping, tiredness, muscle weakness or paralysis. Severe hyperkalemia slows down the cardiac impulses and can lead to cardiac arrest. Hypernatremia can lead to puzzlement, muscle twitching, increased blood pressure, and weakness. An excess of magnesium affects the central nervous system, muscles and cardiac system: blood pressure drops, heart rate slows down, and in severe cases coma and cardiac arrest can occur. Low levels of calcium

First Maria needs to understand what hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is, mainly Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). HPT can be asymptomatic, or present with other symptoms such as kidney stones, increase urination, weakness, confusion, depression, bone pains and bone weakness. HPT happens when the parathyroid releases too much of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) into the blood, causing increased PTH levels in the blood. When this happens the blood does not have enough calcium in it, so it goes to the biggest reservoir for calcium- the bones. 99% of calcium is stored in the bones. Increased calcium need in the blood leads to increased bone resorption; this is when the cells in the bone break down the bone tissue to release the needed minerals, results

Hypothyroidism patient, needs good care and should take thyroid hormone medicine correctly. The victim need to see the doctor at least once per year, so that the doctor can check the victims condition closely and the doctor may adjust the treatment if need be. If the medicine has side effects, the doctor should be informed in order to have regular blood tests of finding whether the correct amount of thyroid hormone is being received. If left untreated and taking poor nutrition, hypothyroidism can lead to

Hypothyroidism is the result of the thyroid gland not secreting adequate amounts of thyroid hormones. With this condition, all metabolic processes slow down. Hypothyroidism originates from various causes. It can be autoimmune in nature when the immune system produces antibodies that attack the body’s own tissues. A pituitary disorder in which the pituitary fails to produce enough TSH has also been reported to be the cause of hypothyroidism. There are other causes noted to result in hypothyroidism such as iodine deficiency, pregnancy, and a thyroidectomy which is the removal of the thyroid glands. During my clinical rotation in the orthopedic unit, I cared for a patient who has a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and has had a thyroidectomy in the past.

The disease I chose is one that is known for it's low production of necessary hormones because of an underactive thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism usually results from some other disease in the same area such as autoimmune disease, radiation therapy or some medications like lithium. It is also most often seen in women over the age of 60. Chemically what is happening is your thyroid stops producing the hormones that the body needs to work properly which causes your metabolism to slow down. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are very slow to produce but over a number of years would develop into impaired memory, depression, loss of hair, fatigue and a variety of other symptoms. The diagnosis of this disease has progressed since the invention of the TSH

Serum studies are likely to demonstrate hypocalcemia or normocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. Moreover, patients with secondary hyperparathyroid have elevated PTH levels and decreased vitamin D levels. In contrast, patients with tertiary HPT will have normal or elevated serum calcium concentrations in combination with moderately elevated intact PTH levels, as well as decreased vitamin D and phosphate levels. When untreated, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism may develop progressive bone disease, osteitis fibrosa cystica, or soft-tissue calcifications potentially visible on plain film x-rays. As secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidsm result from four gland hyperplasia, ultrasound or 99mTc sestamibi scintigraphy are not typically

It is stated that hypothyroidism is a compelling cause of peripheral as well as focal neuropathy. Hypothyroidism affects the nervous system in many ways. The screening of thyroid disease has become a general routine in health care. One of the most common types or neuropathy found in hypothyroid patience’s is carpal tunnel. If found early this can be treated. Most patients experience paresthesia. It is stated that polyneuropathy in hypothyroidism has been described in many studies, but the development is not well understood. The sodium potassium pump plays a big part in the muscle function, and with hypothyroidism the thyroid is not producing enough ATP. This can lead to peripheral neuropathy. The changes damage the nerve, and later induce

When a patient has low calcium and phosphate levels, particularly the biggest and most critical issues include the patients Vitamin D intake (Dusso 1). As the years have progressed, scientists have discovered that patients dealing with some cases of illness and some unknown causes of death have problems or issues that can be related to the parathyroid or thyroid glands have also had Pseudohypoparathyroidism.

1997). The glands are composed of chief and oxyphil cells; both cells types contain PTH has a half-life from 4-10 minutes due to rapid degradation in the liver (Aron et al. 1997). Parathyroid hormone provides a powerful mechanism for controlling extracellular Ca and phosphate concentrations by regulating intestinal re-absorption, renal excretion, and exchange between the extracellular fluid and bone of these ions (Aron et al. 1997). Parathyroid hormone response to a decrease in blood Ca levels (Bhattacharya 2014). Serum Ca levels normally average 9.5mg/dL (Kierszenbaum 2007). When Ca intake or absorption is inadequate, PTH is secreted to avoid hypocalcemia by increasing the conversion of 25(OH)vitamin D into 1,25(OH)2vitamin D and intestinal absorption, increasing the renal tubular Ca reabsorption but also increasing bone resorption (Bagchi, Nair ,and Sen 2013). Parathyroid hormone has biphasic effects on bone formation by causing an acute inhibition of collagen synthesis with high concentrations, but, on the contrary, it increases bone formation with prolonged intermittent administration (Rissanen 2013). If the stimulus persists, secondary hyperparathyroidism will cause negative bone balance (Holick

When blood calcium levels drop, the parathyroid gland, which has receptors that sense that drop, produces PTH in the chief cells and releases it into the blood. PTH then travels to bone and the kidneys. In bone, PTH binds to receptors on osteoclasts and causes them to release