Hypopituitarism Research Paper

5. It is expected that after his transsphenoidal hypophysectomy, all of B.J.’s anterior pituitary hormones will be deficient (panhypopituitarism). What type of hormone replacement will be needed?

Surgery offers the best chance of a cure. A neuro-endocrinologist is needed to properly diagnose the condition while a neurosurgeon is needed to perform the surgery. Since the pituitary gland sits inferior to the hypothalamus of the brain, precision in microsurgery is highly necessary. Unfortunately, pituitary adenomas that invade the sella turcica of the brain lower the chances of a successful surgery. Undergoing surgery is always a risk, but this treatment provides the best chances for survival. Medications are also offered as a course of treatment, although proven with a lower success rate. Physicians prescribe monthly injections of somatostatin to help suppress the overproduction of the growth hormone. Although this poses less of a risk than surgery, a reported 70% of patients had an actual decrease in GH hormone. A consequence of using this method is a heavy reliance on drugs for an unforeseeable amount of time. Drugs are often costly so this can pose a problem as well. Radiation therapy is used when all other options have failed. A dose of radiation is targeted on the tumor and the surrounding brain structures are typically left unaffected. 18 months are needed to see a substantial reduction in growth hormone output. Consequences of radiation treatment are delayed pituitary failure, learning disabilities, obesity, and emotional changes (Kleinberg,

Mr. C’s laboratory values need to be stabilized, body temperature and pulse rate decreased, blood pressure increased, weaned of the oxygen by nasal cannula an increase his urine output. Many of the signs and symptoms experienced are related to local and systemic complications of the disease process. His uncle stated that he has nausea and vomiting for the past few day and this caused many of the electrolyte imbalance (Urden, Linda D; Stacy, Kathleen M; Lough, Mary E;, 2016).

Gigantism is a condition which is caused by a tumor on the pituitary gland in the brain.

The liver produces a hormone called insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) when GH is secreted into the blood stream. This result in the growth of bones and other tissues. If the pituitary gland makes too much GH, excessive amounts of IGF-I can result leading to abnormal growth of the soft tissues and skeleton and other signs and symptoms characteristic of acromegaly and gigantism.

In the medical world, there is a variety of genetic disorders that affect many people. One of which is Pituitary Dwarfism. Dwarfism is a rare genetic disorder that includes the underdevelopment of the body. Specifically, Pituitary Dwarfism is a rare form of Dwarfism that is caused by the absence of a functional anterior pituitary gland which is located in the brain. It does not release the growth hormone GHRH needed for proper development. Although this mutation does not affect many people, the patients that do carry this genetic disorder are greatly affected. The diagnosis of this disorder is a fairly simple process involving a blood test and an analysis of the patient’s growth compared to a person with normal alleles. These people have life-changing

Hyperparathyroidism occurs when your parathyroid glands make too much PTH and trigger you to have too much calcium in the bloodstream. A number of things can trigger your parathyroid glands to make too much PTH, including a growth on the parathyroid glands, enlargement of 2 or more of the parathyroid glands or medical conditions such as kidney failure and rickets. Hyperparathyroidism is hereditary. More women develop hyperparathyroidism than men, especially women who have gone through menopause. Hyperparathyroidism is also more common in older people. People who have vitamin D insufficiency are also at an increased possibility of developing hyperparathyroidism, because vitamin D helps your body absorb the calcium in your bloodstream. People who take lithium (typically prescribed to treat bipolar disorder) are also at an increased risk for

An 18-year-old woman presented with persistent bilateral lactation, excess body weight with leg swelling and unbalanced gait, and recurrent hypercalcemia. Patient experienced increasingly frequent headaches and visual field changes. Developed panhypopituitarism and central diabetes insipidus (DI) after going through with transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary macroadenoma. Patient was treated with levothyroxine (T4) for secondary hypothyroidism. She received other hormone replacement therapy, including desmopressin acetate, conjugated estrogen, growth hormone, and bromocriptine. She developed recurrent kidney stones and diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism. She was also found to have multiple thyroid nodules and underwent a 4-gland

Hypothyroidism isn’t picky, it can strike at any age and can affect anyone. However, it’s favorite victim appears to be women since it occurs in approximately 1 in 50 women and only about 1 in 1,000 men. It typically occurs in adults and becomes more common as age increases.

Pituitary: These can go unnoticed in most cases. They occur mainly in neurological patients.It is cause by the increased level of The progesterone in female body.

There is a condition where the ovaries or testes do not function properly and results in the lowered or halted production of hormones (MedlinePlus, 2017). This condition is known as hypogonadism or gonadal deficiency. There are two main types of hypogonadism, central and primary. In women, primary hypogonadism is the dysfunction of the ovaries whereas central hypogonadism is when the centers of the brain, responsible for gonadal control, function improperly (The New York Times, 2012).

Common symptoms of low-level of testosterone: There are some common symptoms for why the male suffer from hypogonodism or low-level of testosterone. Such as low libido, low sex power, erectile dysfunction, osteoporosis and reduced strength of muscle.

Hypothyroidism is the result of the thyroid gland not secreting adequate amounts of thyroid hormones. With this condition, all metabolic processes slow down. Hypothyroidism originates from various causes. It can be autoimmune in nature when the immune system produces antibodies that attack the body’s own tissues. A pituitary disorder in which the pituitary fails to produce enough TSH has also been reported to be the cause of hypothyroidism. There are other causes noted to result in hypothyroidism such as iodine deficiency, pregnancy, and a thyroidectomy which is the removal of the thyroid glands. During my clinical rotation in the orthopedic unit, I cared for a patient who has a diagnosis of hypothyroidism and has had a thyroidectomy in the past.

Hypothyroidism a common endocrine disorder resulting from deficiency of thyroid hormone which can cause symptoms such as fatigue, hair loss, and menstrual disturbances ("Hypothyroidism: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology," 2017).

Hyperpituitarism is the over production of pituitary hormones caused by a benign tumor in the pituitary gland that can interfere with other pituitary hormone functions, resulting in target organ hormone deficiencies.1 Hyperpituitarism has two sub forms called Acromegaly and Gigantism.7