Hypospadias Essay

There are varying definitions of PCOS worldwide. In North America, the syndrome is simply characterized by hyperandrogenism and oligoovulation. The presence of polycystic ovaries does not have to be verified via ultrasonography, as is the case in Europe (Balen, 1999). Ultrasonography (US) detects polycystic ovaries, a condition that occurs between 20-30% of women. Because not all women who have polycystic ovaries have PCOS, ultrasonography cannot be used as a single detection method. Usually a blood test measuring androgen levels in the blood, physical evidence of hyperandrogenism, and dysmenorrhea qualify as sufficient evidence for PCOS in the absence of an US (Goodarzi et al., 2011).

The two most common are Cushing Syndrome and Amenorrhea. “Cushing syndrome occurs when your body is expose to high levels of the hormone cortisol for a long time.” (Mayo Staff Clinic, 2016, p.1) There are several symptoms that Cushing Syndrome shares with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Some of the symptoms are: weight gain, acne, hirsutism and/or irregular or absent menstrual periods. Evidently, the two diseases share similar symptoms. Another disease that shares similarities with PCOS is Amenorrhea. It is when one or more menstrual cycles are missed or the absence of menstruations. Some of the symptoms are: hair loss, excess facial hair and acne. Amenorrhea, also,

beginning with growth failure during the first year of life. Progeria is a rare condition but has come into

Irregular periods, pelvic pain, infertility, excess sebum production, acne, patches of thickened skin, headaches, fatigue, thinning hair on the head, and excess hair growth on the face, chest, thighs, and stomach are associated with PCOS, and these symptoms are generally more severe in obese women (Medline Plus). If a cyst reaches a large size, it may burst, undergo torsion, a twisting of the cyst around its blood supply, cause bleeding, bloating, or pain during bowel movements and sexual

PCOS is a condition that creates small cysts on a woman's ovaries. In many instances, these cysts are developed because a woman's hormones are out of balance. The symptoms that women face when they have PCOS will vary. For example, some women may develop acne or have trouble maintaining a healthy weight.

The purpose of this paper is to discus the etiology, symptoms, diagnoses and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Polycystic ovary syndrome is also known as PCOS. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common endocrine disorder found in women of the reproductive age. First identified in 1935, polycystic ovary syndrome is diagnosed by the presence of polycystic ovaries, menstrual irregularities, and clinical or biochemical hyperandrogegism. “Symptoms of PCOS include changes in the menstrual cycle, such as: Not getting a period after you have had one or more normal ones during puberty (secondary amenorrhea), Irregular periods that may come and go, and be very light to very heavy. Other symptoms of PCOS include: Extra body hair that grows on the chest, belly, face, and around the nipples. Acne on the face, chest, or back, and skin changes, such as dark or thick skin markings and creases around the armpits, groin, neck,

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal endocrine disorders in women. This syndrome includes multiple cysts in your ovaries that are filled with fluid. It can be easily seen on an ultrasound when there is a string of pearls(cysts) on your ovaries. Many women experience infrequent periods, weight gain, elevated hormone levels and type 2 diabetes.

The site emphasizes that vaginismus is highly treatable through the steps that have been laid out in a self-help guide that is available via the website. There is no doubt the site aims to establish a target audience of women who do not want to or cannot get help from a doctor. The site emphasizes that the self-help guide and kit is straightforward and can be followed at a person’s own pace in the privacy of an individual’s home. This can very enticing to a consumer, especially considering many people have a hard time discussing sexual issues with their doctors.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome occurs when the ovaries produce more androgen hormones or male hormones than progesterone hormones or the female hormones. When there is a high level of the androgen hormone this decreases the release of the eggs during regular ovulation, causing the infertility as well as some of the common signs of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, that is infertility or the inability to get pregnant, in which PCOS is actually the leading cause to women with infertility, acne, Hirsutism which is the increase of body hair in specific parts of the body, and weight gain or

In adulthood, the signs and symptoms of GHD are often blurred and have long been

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition that affects many different parts of the body, not just the ovaries. The list of ailments associated with polycystic ovary syndrome is long, ranging from skin tags, dark skin patches, and hirsutism (male patterned hair growth) to liver disease, obesity, and insulin resistance. The symptoms that contribute to infertility are irregular menstrual cycles, an excess of androgens, and chronic anovulation (Genazzani, Lanzoni and Riccieri 139).

Fecal incontinence problems dominate the significant morbidity following surgical correction of anorectal malformations. As the three main factors involved in achieving continence; sphincter function, sensory function and motility, are all affected to a varying degree in those patients. (Arnoldi et al., 2014). Defective internal anal sphincters have re¬cently been demonstrated in a histological study of specimens taken during PSARP procedures in girls with vestibular fistula. (Lombardi et al., 2013)

Prostatic Hypertrophy is enlarged prostate gland. The prostate gland is surrounded by the urethra which carries urine from the bladder out of the body. This prostatic hypertrophy does occur in all men at a different age and not an issue to worry about. It is very common in males above 75 years of age.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which a woman’s levels of the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone are out of balance. This leads to the growth of ovarian cysts (benign masses on the ovaries). PCOS can affect a woman’s menstrual cycle, fertility, cardiac function, and appearance. While the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, it is believed that hormonal imbalances and genetics play a role. Women are more likely to develop PCOS if their mother or sister also has the condition.

The term hypospadias ; Greek in origin: Hypo- under and Spadia – fissure/ crack, was 1st coined by Galen who described presence of urethral opening on the ventral surface of penis. Whereas Congenital Chordee was 1st described by Clinton in 1938 who described the ventral curvature of the penis in relation to hypospadias. (7)