Hypothalamus Research Paper

The limbic and olfactory systems (the amygdala, the hippocampus, and the olfactory cortex) help control eating and reproduction through the hypothalamus. The thermoreceptors and the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus are receptors that help monitor temperature and ionic balance. The hypothalamus can control every endocrine gland in the body. The hypothalamus can alter blood pressure, body temperature, metabolism, and adrenaline levels. There are two outputs that the hypothalamus uses when it becomes aware of a problem. One of the outputs it uses is sending neural signals to the autonomic system. The hypothalamus sends signals to the medulla, where the parasympathetic vagal nuclei and cell groups that descend to the spinal cord are located, which help drive the autonomic system. When the hypothalamus gains admittance to these systems, it is able to control functions such as digestion, heart rate, sweating, and vasoconstriction (when blood vessels narrow, and consequently reduce the flow of blood or create high blood pressure). The other input the hypothalamus uses is sending endocrine signals, chemical signals sent through the blood stream, to the pituitary. Large cells from the hypothalamus send axons to the posterior pituitary, which in turn releases oxytocin and vasopressin into the bloodstream. More axons are also sent by smaller cells to the base of the pituitary. There the axons discharge releasing factors into the pituitary's capillary system. This

Adrenal glands contain cells which produce hormones cortisol, aldosterone (salt retaining hormone) and androgen. Adrenal glands also form small amounts of sex hormones such as testosterone and oestrogen. The amount of cortisol made is controlled by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), made by the pituitary gland. Cortisol protects the body from illness or injury by maintaining immunity and anti-inflammatory processes and maintains blood pressure. Cortisol is also responsible for feeding back to inhibit ACTH production. If too much cortisol reaches the pituitary, pituitary inhibits adrenal glands, to return cortisol levels to normal. Cortisol normally starts to be produced in the second month of foetal life however, CAH prevents the formation of

The Pituitary Gland - The pituitary gland is a pea-sized structure located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus, to which it is attached via nerve fibers. It is part of the endocrine system and produces critical hormones, which are chemical substances that control various bodily

GnRH is released into the anterior pituitary gland and here it stimulates the production of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutenising hormone (LH).

A: The hypothalamus controls hormone release mainly through the pituitary gland by sending signals in the form of releasing hormones to prompt the anterior lobe to secrete them as the main function of the pituitary gland is hormone secretion into the body. The anterior lobe is responsible for the release of crucial hormones including; growth hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone and finally prolactin.

On the other hand, the hypothalamus also activates the adrenal-cortical system, by introducing corticotropin-releasing factor into the pituitary gland. Results include increase in heartrate and blood pressure, pupils dilating to take in as much light as possible.

The amygdala is the name of the collection of nuclei found in the frontal portions of the temporal lobes in the brains of all primates (the term Amygdala derives from the Greek word, αμύγδαλο or amýgdalo meaning almond). This collection of nuclei is a small almond shaped structure located on either side of the thalamus at the lower end of the hippocampus in the limbic system which is located in the frontal portion of the temporal lobe. Considering the human brain is bilaterally symmetrical, there are two amygdalae, both located in relatively the same place, but one in the left side of the brain, and one in the right side of the brain. Although this structure is merely as big as an almond, there are vast amounts of functions that begin and travel

The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus. Being just the size of pea, the pituitary gland has huge role in the brain. It has three sections know as the anterior, intermediate, and the posterior lobes. To begin, the anterior lobe is primarily involved with the development of the body, maturation, and reproduction. The hormones produced by the anterior lobe adjust growth, stimulates adrenal and thyroid glands along with the ovaries and testes. The anterior lobe also generates prolactin which allows new mothers to produce milk. Then there is the intermediate lobe which releases a hormone that stimulates the cells that control pigmentation known as the melanocytes. Lastly, there is the posterior lobe

The Pituitary is crucial as it regulates the function of many endocrine glands, including the thyroid gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, and testes. Additionally, it regulates homeostasis and promotes the release of many essential hormones.

Pituitary control thyroid hormone level, thyroid hormone is a pea-sized gland in the brain. Pituitary and hypothalamus communicate to maintain T3 and T4 balance. Pituitary makes thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), releasing more TSH when T3 and T4 levels are low by contrast pituitary release less if T3 and T4 levels are high.

Eight different hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and released into the pituitary gland before travelling to their target organs. The pituitary gland is divided into two parts, the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary.

The cerebrum itself contains a multitude of parts: the cerebral cortex, the hippocampus, the thalamus, and the pituitary and pineal gland.

The anterior pituitary is the front portion of the pituitary gland which is a small gland in the head called the master gland. Certain hormones that are secreted by the anterior pituitary influence growth, sexual development, skin pigmentation, thyroid function, and adrenocortical function. The anterior pituitary gland is a major organ of the endocrine system. The anterior pituitary, is the glandular, anterior lobe that together with the posterior lobe (posterior pituitary, or the neurohypophysis) makes up the pituitary gland (hypophysis) (Oxford University Press, 2015). Some of the hormones that are secreted are growth hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic

These glands are the one that two important steroid hormones called cortisol and aldosterone. Cortisol hormone mobilizes nutrients, and modifies the body’s response to inflammation and it stimulates the liver to raise the blood sugar. This hormone also helps to regulate the amount of water in the body. The aldosterone hormone acts mainly in the kidney to aid in the

The endocrine system in the human body stores a chemical known as hormones. Hormones are released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body carrying messages. A hormonal impulse is similar to a nerve impulse only much slower. The messages carried by the hormones trigger different behaviors. Hormones can affect behavior in many ways such as: Mental activity or tiredness, boredom or excitement, sexual