Hypothyroidism: A Complicated Disease

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disease in which the body’s immune system attacks the thyroid gland. It was named for the Japanese surgeon who discovered it in 1912 The thyroid is a small butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. The thyroid makes hormones called T3 and T4. These hormones regulate metabolism. The thyroid is controlled by hormones of the pituitary gland, which is also called the “master gland.” It is a pea-sized gland located in the base of the brain which, among others, makes thyroid stimulating hormone, or TSH. TSH stimulates the thyroid to make thyroid hormone. With Hashimoto’s disease, the thyroid cells are damaged resulting in the inability to make enough thyroid

Hashimoto thyroiditis is a common disease caused by hypothyroidism. The immune system cells attack the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and eventually destruction of the gland. This reduces the thyroids ability to make hormones. These hormones are known as thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) (Better health channel 2015).

Week 3 – LOM Assignment The thyroid is responsible for taking iodine and converting it into thyroid hormones which are released into the blood stream and transported throughout the body where they control metabolism.1 The thyroid is a vital part of the human body as every cell in the body depends on it for metabolic regulation. Too much or too little thyroid hormone secretion can result in hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is caused when the thyroid secretes too many thyroid hormones. Hyperthyroidism causes a rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure and tremors. Other symptoms include increased nervousness, inability to concentrate, weakness, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, frequent bowel movements, weight loss and irregular

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis is considered an autoimmune disorder of the thyroid, first discovered in 1912, by a Japanese doctor, Hakaru Hashimoto. Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease is currently considered a genetically predisposed disorder caused by both environmental and endogenous conditions. Genetically predisposed Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, occurs more often in Caucasians over other ethnicities. Environmental factors that produce the autoimmune disorder are infections, disproportionate iodine intake, drugs, as well as chemical and radiation exposure, according to Syrenicz, Anhelli (2013) This paper will discuss the importance of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis disease, symptoms, Metabolic and Physiological effects, treatment options, and side effects associated with treatments.

Response: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is characterized as a type of immune disorder and is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in America.1 The gradual failure of the thyroid is due to an autoimmune disorder that is causing glandular destruction.2 Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are two hormones

The thyroid stimulating hormone receptors are G-protein linked and are found extracellularly in the thyroid glands. When activated, synthesis of hormonally active iodothyronines T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) begins (Park and Chatterjee, 2005). This process begins with iodide is transported into the thyroid gland by the sodium iodide symporter found in the membrane of thyroid follicular cells (Park and Chatterjee, 2005). The iodotyrosine residues monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine are then formed through iodine organification where the iodide is oxidised using hydrogen peroxide and then bound to tyrosine in the thyroglobulin (Park and Chatterjee, 2005). The residues then bind together to form the hormonally active iodothyronines aforementioned (Park and Chatterjee, 2005). Many catalytic enzymes mediate this process and are needed to ensure proper thyroid hormone synthesis. Failure in any steps of the synthesis process leads dyshormonogenesis and could be the result of genetic defects. Adequate synthesis of active thyroid hormone is necessary for the regulation of many developmental processes (Richter, C. et al.,

The main cause of hyperthyroidism Graves’ disease which affects quite a few people in the general population. This disease is characterized as an autoimmune disorder. This means that the body makes antibodies known as thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin that bind and over activate the production of thyroid hormones [3]. So in essence the antibody mimics the thyroid stimulating hormone and when the negative feedback loop is in affect the antibody still binds to the thyroid and T3 and T4 are over produced [2].

People who are affected with this disease the immune systems attacks their thyroid gland. This leads to hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid doesn’t produce and secrete enough hormones for the body’s needs. Without these hormones, the person’s metabolism level are unbalanced which can cause arrthythmia and how fast the body uses calories from the foods. People who are affected by Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis often has family history of this disease; they said it’s genetically inherited. It is more common in woman than in men. Statistics shows that 5 times more common than man in the United States, 1 per 2,000 people are affected, equivalent to 1.5 million people are diagnosed with this autoimmune

Hypothyroidism patient, needs good care and should take thyroid hormone medicine correctly. The victim need to see the doctor at least once per year, so that the doctor can check the victims condition closely and the doctor may adjust the treatment if need be. If the medicine has side effects, the doctor should be informed in order to have regular blood tests of finding whether the correct amount of thyroid hormone is being received. If left untreated and taking poor nutrition, hypothyroidism can lead to

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which the body attacks and destroys cells of the thyroid gland and is the most common thyroid disorder in the United States for those over 6 years old. The main risk factors are having another autoimmune disorder or a relative with the disorder. The peak age of onset for women is between 30 and 50 years old, but for men is about 10-15 years late. Women are 10-15 times more likely than men to suffer from Hashimoto’s and it has no prevention and no cure. Fortunately, diagnosis is a simple blood test and clinical evaluation and treatment requires only an inexpensive synthetic thyroxine (T4) thyroid hormone.

Within the endocrine system, the thyroid gland plays an important role on daily function and activity. The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland located in front of the neck, right below the larynx. The thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones, primarily T3 (thyroxine) and T4 (triiodothyronine) (NIDDK, 2013). It is very important that the body produces the appropriate amount of thyroid hormones because these hormones affect nearly every organ in the body. More specifically, thyroid hormones regulate an individual’s metabolism such as heart rate, energy use, energy level, and protein synthesis (Family Doctor, 2014).

Hypothyroidism is a disorder of the thyroid. The thyroid is a large gland located in the lower front of your neck. The thyroid releases hormones that control how the body works. With hypothyroidism, the thyroid does not make enough of these hormones.

The thyroid is one of the most important glands in our body. It produces a thyroid hormone that influences the metabolism in every single cell in the body. Sometimes the thyroid starts to have problems and it can cause a lot of symptoms. One of these problems is hyperthyroidism, which is where the thyroid malfunctions and begins to produce too much thyroid hormone. This causes the symptoms of nervousness, sweating, heart palpations, nerve tingling, heat intolerance, fatigue, hyperactivity, eye disorder, and hair and weight loss. The most common causes of hyperthyroidism are Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s disease, tumors, thyroiditis, toxic multinodular goiter or the TSHR gene.

Starting at the age of seven, I can distinctly remember hearing the constant worry and concern of my mother 's voice while looking at the bulging goiter in my neck. Due to this concern, I was placed in the hospital while battling intense throat pain and confusion. Through various lab works and examinations my doctor ruled out that I have Hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is of such high interest to me due to the fact that I will be living with this disease for the rest of my life. This disease is rooted from a main cause, contains a variety of risk factors and symptoms, has options of treatment, and displays new and upcoming issues within the world today.

Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in all cardiac group was (22%); in ischemic group (26%) and in hypertensive