Hypothyroidism Causes

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2. The subject who was diagnosed with secondary hypothyroidism was given levothyroxine (synthetic Thyroxine). After 6 weeks of

The main treatment for hypothyroidism is synthetic thyroid hormone in pill form to replace what’s missing. Depending on the reason for the slow thyroid, adding more iodine to the diet and generally eating a healthy diet can help.

The history of hypothyroidism dates way back to the 1800s; seeing the symptoms in patients, even before the disease was able to be diagnosed. Later realizing that many of the cases of cretinism, later called hypothyroidism, were largely associated with the lack in function of the thyroid. Today, also realizing that there is not only internal factors that influence hypothyroidism but also external factors that can contribute. Hypothyroidism can present itself in many different ways from no symptoms at all to organ failure, in a severe enough case. Discovering and treating hypothyroidism with medication or alternative, if the patient chooses, can be very simple after confirming diagnosis with lab results. An optimistic prognosis is usually given to patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism.

Hypothyroidism is caused by the thyroid’s gland inability to produce thyroid hormone as required by the body. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism requires the laboratory testing of the thyroid stimulating hormone known as TSH. When the TSH is found to be elevated, a clinician should repeat the test along with a free thyroxine (T4) measurement. If the TSH is found to be elevated, while the T4 is normal, the patient is said to suffer from subclinical hypothyroidism. However, if the TSH is elevated and the T4 is low, the diagnosis is primary hypothyroidism (Gaitonde et al., 2012).

Like many other organs and cells in the body, the heart is affected by decrease secretion of thyroid hormone. The heart mainly relies of T3, for it is the hormone that is transported into the myocytes. T3 binds to thyroid hormone receptors, which is the start of its many cellular actions. The activation of T3 in the myocytes is responsible for systemic vascular resistance, heart rate, contractility, and blood volume. In primary overt hypothyroidism, there is a hyposecretion of T4 and T3, which affects the cardiovascular hemodynamics. If there is not a sufficient amount of T4 to convert to T3, then there is not enough T3 available for the myocytes to carry out their cellular reaction. As a result, there is a decrease in cardiac output and cardiac contractility with an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. People with cardiovascular dysfunction due to primary overt hypothyroidism typically present with bradycardia, hypertension, dyspnea on exertion, and edema. However, most of the cardiovascular dysfunction responds well with thyroxine replacement therapy (Danzi;

Starting during prenatal development and continuing throughout life, thyroid hormones pay an important role in the cardiovascular system, the relationship in which has been seen to change in the case of thyroid dysfunction. The relationship between the heart and the thyroid has been demonstrated through a series of experimental and clinical studies and the results determined that in the case of hypothyroidism parameters such as blood volume and heart rate have been seen to decrease from 100% and 72-84bpm to 84.5 % and 60-80bpm respectively. The regular measurements of both the patients cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance have also been seen to change, shifting from 4.0-6.0 L/min and 1500-1700 dyn·sec/cm-5 to <4.5 L/min and 2100-2700

Thyroid hormone deficiency in the body is risky to the malfunction of the vital organs. Alterations like lowering and slowing of the biological processes in the body are assumed by the illness. These variations may replicate those that come about with age. The symptoms associated with hypothyroidism may be difficult to describe especially in the old persons. Hypothyroidism can show different manifestations and signs, depending on the health condition, age and sex of the patient. Thus, for it to be treated appropriately, the nursing practitioner has to have the correct diagnosis (Garber, 2012). Since the disorder is more evident at old age, it is, therefore, vital for thyroid disorder among the aged to be a matter of discussion (Laurberg, 2005). Thus, this thesis aims at discussing the effects of hypothyroidism to a seventy years old male

Hypothyroidism is not a disease itself, but is a condition that a disease state causes (Buckley & Schub, 2008). Many of the causes of hypothyroidism are related to autoimmune conditions, where the body attacks itself, rendering the thyroid useless (Raisbeck, 2009). In fact, this is the most common cause of hypothyroidism (Raisbeck, 2009). Second to autoimmune disease is overcorrection of hyperthyroidism by surgery or radiation treatment (Walker, 2009). Thyroidectomy is the third most-prevalent cause, usually for the treatment of cancer

Congenital hypothyroidism is caused due to the lack of adequate thyroid hormone at birth and can lead to multiple flaws in bodily development including cochlear morphology. Synthesis of thyroid hormone is mediated by many biological processes and as such there are many points of failure. Proper development of the Cochlear function and morphology is dependant on the normal secretion and reception of thyroid hormone through G-protein coupled receptors (Park and Chatterjee, 2005) which are bound extracellularly and produce a second messenger to elicit gene activation (Lluka, 2015). Richter, C. et al. and Johnson, K.R. et al. experiment with the synthesis and activation of thyroid hormone in animal models to accurately

The thyroid gland is found in the front of the neck and produces two main hormones. The hormones are called thuroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3). Together these hormones regulate the body’s metabolism by increasing energy use in cells, regulate growth and development, help to maintain body temperature and aid in oxygen consumption. These two hormones are regulated by hormones produced by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. The hypothalamus senses changes in body’s metabolic rate and releases a hormone known as thyropin-releasing hormone (TRH). This hormone then flows through connecting vessels to the pituitary gland which signals it to release another hormone. This hormone is known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH then makes

1 Running head: HYPOTHYROIDISM 12 HYPOTHYROIDISM Hypothyroidism Case Study Taylor Barnes, Mackenzie Goff, Holly Ledford, Shelby Maggard, Rachel McClain Western Kentucky University Hypothyroidism Case Study In this case study, we examine a patient who has a primary diagnosis of hypothyroidism and a secondary diagnosis of atherosclerosis. Included is the clinical presentation of the patient, K. M., the pathophysiology of her disease processes, an overall assessment of the patient?s condition, nursing implications, and the patient?s laboratory and diagnostic results. This study seeks to provide a detailed clinical picture of the patient and outline how these diseases affect the patient?s overall health,

Celebrities are known to always keep their life private, but their lives are always an interest of the citizens and followers. There are millions of people all over the world who always want to know what goes on in the lives of the celebrities they admire. Hillary Clinton is a celebrity who is popular in the United States and all over the world, especially for her political leadership and service in various spheres in the country. Her doctor revealed in July 2015 that she was suffering from hypothyroidism (Shomon, 2016). The causes of hypothyroidism include insufficient iodine in the diet, exposure to radiation, Hashimoto’s disease, chronic stress, and high iodine intake (Greene, 2012). Iodine is an essential constituent of thyroid hormones,

There are several types of hair loss: baldness or loss of hair (alopecia) .Loss of all scalp hair (alopecia totalis). Hair falling out in patches

I was diagnosed with severe hypothyroidism in November of 2015, and am among a large amount of people who had displayed most of all symptoms of disease, including a drastic change in my skin. Common side effects of hypothyroidism are hair loss, dry skin, thinning of nails, and sometimes jaundice. To understand why these symptoms take place even in my own body, I read “Thyroid Hormone Action on Skin” by Dr. Joshua Safer. Dr. Safer described the epidermal changes that the skin faces during hypothyroidism are often resulted from the imbalance of the thyroid hormone, which commonly regulates hair growth and can even interfere with the growth of cells within the stratum corneum of the skin (Safer, 2011). As the disease becomes progressively worse, nails become brittle and hard, and both the skin and hair continuously become coarse and thinned.