Hypothyroidism Research Paper

Tom Brimeyer Hypothyroidism RevolutionHi and welcome to our review on the Hypothyroidism Revolution by Tom Brimeyer.

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are easily confused because the words are so similar-looking. But knowing a bit of ancient Greek and using common sense can help your remember the difference.

The history of hypothyroidism dates way back to the 1800s; seeing the symptoms in patients, even before the disease was able to be diagnosed. Later realizing that many of the cases of cretinism, later called hypothyroidism, were largely associated with the lack in function of the thyroid. Today, also realizing that there is not only internal factors that influence hypothyroidism but also external factors that can contribute. Hypothyroidism can present itself in many different ways from no symptoms at all to organ failure, in a severe enough case. Discovering and treating hypothyroidism with medication or alternative, if the patient chooses, can be very simple after confirming diagnosis with lab results. An optimistic prognosis is usually given to patients diagnosed with hypothyroidism.

Hashimoto’s Disease is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack the thyroid gland. Hashimoto’s disease causes inflammation to the gland causing chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, resulting in hypothyroidism (Mayo clinic, 2014). This is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the US and the symptoms are manifested by fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, weight gain, pale , dry skin, hoarse voice, pain and stiffness in the joints and muscles, menorrhagia, and depression (Mayo clinic, 2014).

There are many causes of hyperthyroidism, but the symptoms of hyperthyroidism are the same no matter what causes the over expression of thyroid hormones. The main symptoms of hyperthyroidism are fatigue, shortness of breath, weak muscles, anxiety, difficulty sleeping and heart palpitations. Interestingly, even with an increase in appetite the patient will have weight loss.

Hypothyroidism patient, needs good care and should take thyroid hormone medicine correctly. The victim need to see the doctor at least once per year, so that the doctor can check the victims condition closely and the doctor may adjust the treatment if need be. If the medicine has side effects, the doctor should be informed in order to have regular blood tests of finding whether the correct amount of thyroid hormone is being received. If left untreated and taking poor nutrition, hypothyroidism can lead to

Digestion: Low thyroid diminishes the release of Gastrin, which determines the productivity of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, leading to poor protein digestion, sour belly and GERD.

This is because the thyroid is unable to perform its’ normal functions, such as cellular metabolism. Lethargy results in response to “slowing of cellular metabolism” (Kahn, 2010). Compared the normal thyroid, “about half the increase in oxygen consumption produced by the thyroid hormones is related to activation of the plasma-membrane-bound Na/K ATPase… Changes are linked directly to calorgenic effect of thyroid hormones” (Kahn, 2010). If less oxygen is getting to the cells, this can begin to cause anaerobic respiration and will cause a decrease in energy and become stiff. “The muscles will appear pale and swollen. The fibers may show swelling, loss of normal striations, and separation by mucinous deposits. Type 1 muscle fibers tend to be predominate” (Melmed, 2011). Also, if the thyroid is unable to metabolize lipids and absorb carbohydrates, this will cause decreased energy production. The decrease in energy is what causes humans to feel fatigue or lethargic, which is indirectly caused by the corrupted metabolism of lipids and breakdown of

While growing up I remember being surrounded by people who were constantly trying to lose weight but continuously unsuccessful due to multiple factors involved in their lives. However possibly being a victim of thyroid disease was rarely the blame as I listen to their discussions. Instead they were very quick to relate the ineffectiveness on poor dieting habits, or periodically going off track, or lack or exercise. Initially probably mostly everyone would love to have the trait that enables one to eat as much as they please but have a metabolism so speedy that it burns calories, breaks down, and leaves them as slim as an individual who consumes a reasonable amount of calories. Unfortunately that’s not the case with everyone. Some experience

Hyperthyroid is a disease that happens when your thyroid gland makes an increased amount of the hormone thyroxine than usual. When having Hyperthyroid your body’s metabolism will increase majorly.This causes many symptoms and signs such as a rapid heartbeat, nervousness, irritability, sweating, insomnia, sudden weight loss, hand tremors( Very big symptom), and the enlargement of the eyes and neck.There are a few different ways the doctor can find out if you have this disease. One of the ways is by your family medical history and a physical exam.

Even though Cardiovascular signs of hyperthyroidism include tachycardia, widened pulse pressure, marked increases in cardiac output, and respiratory capacity. Hyperthyroidism induces a hyper-dynamic cardiovascular state, which manifests by a faster heart rate, higher systolic and diastolic function. Various changes in the coagulation-fibrinolytic system have been described in patients with an excess or deficiency of thyroid hormones. Abnormalities of erythrocytes, leucocytes, thrombocytes and coagulation too much hormone induces anxiety and nervousness.

The central effects of hyperthyroidism are most pronounced in development. Cerebral circulation and oxygen consumption elevate. "In hyperthyroidism, Beta-adrenergic binding sites in the cerebral cortex increases and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) binding sites are decreases." (Bucurescu,2014). Brain levels of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and substance P are altered. Native pain sensitivity and number of opiate receptors are increases. Thyroid hormones affect myelination, therefore increased levels lead to oxidative damage to the myelin membrane and/or the oligodendroglial cells. The neurological manifestation is primarily due to the effect of thyroid hormones on other neurotransmitters, hormones, and generalized increased basal metabolic rate. Some of the neurological symptoms are:

V.G.’s current symptoms of fatigue, difficulty concentrating, a weight gain of 10 pounds and irregularity noted to her menstrual cycle along with lab findings of an elevate TSH and a decreased T4 level are consistent with hypothyroidism. The condition is more common in women and is associated with an increased risk of heart disease (Woo & Wynne, 2012). Individuals with hypothyroidism present with clinical findings which may include bradycardia, anemia, dyspnea, decreased appetite, constipation, weight gain, hyperlipidemia, dry skin, brittle hair, difficulty with reproduction, memory impairment, hearing loss and changes in vision (Woo & Wynne, 2012). These clinical manifestations are secondary to changes in metabolic demands and blood flow secondary to the thyroid hormone (Woo & Wynne, 2012). With this wide array of potential symptoms V.G.’s physical exam would involve a thorough head to toe exam carefully evaluating her current cardiovascular status including blood pressure, heart sounds, rhythm and rate with perfusion assessment to identify bradycardia and risks of heart failure. In addition, a careful examination of her neck would be

The thyroid which is a butterfly shaped gland situated between your voice box and collarbones and no bigger than your thumb, influences practically every process in your body. It produces hormones that regulate metabolism and energy. The rate in which the brain, heart, liver, and other organs function is influenced by the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism as characterized by the medical dictionary; is deficient activity of the thyroid gland. Also, called underactive thyroid, hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones to address the body’s need.

The thyroid gland is an organ located in the neck on either side of the trachea. It secrets thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin. It releases hormones that control your metabolism, breathing, heart rate, nervous system, weight, body temperature, and many other functions in the body. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is overactive and the body’s processes speed up and you may experience anxiety, nervousness, hand tremor, rapid heartbeat, excessive sweating, weight loss, and sleep problems.