Hypoxic Syncope Essay

Both rapid, shallow breathing patterns and hypoventilation effect gas exchange. Arterial blood gases will be monitored and changes discussed with provider. Alteration in PaCO2 and PaO2 levels are signs of respiratory failure. Patient’s body position will be properly aligned for optimum respiratory excursion, this promotes lung expansion and improved air exchange. Patient will be suctioned as needed to clear secretions and maintain patent airways. The expected outcome is that the patient’s airway and gas exchange will be maintained as evidence by normal arterial blood gases (Herdman,

Encounters with these patients are often begun with law enforcement calling for rescue, as they got a disturbance call first. There have been many reported cases of these patients dying in police custody and it becoming a topic of controversy over police brutality, etc., when in reality these patients were adequately restrained to protect themselves and others. Since the patients can not break free of these restraints, they essentially have an over stimulation of their nervous system, leading to arrhythmias, which leads to cardiac arrest. Other times when these patients end up in cardiac arrest is due to

Moreover, Gooden (1994) describes apnea as an essential element to the diving reflex; it ensures not only the prevention of water inhalation, but also acts as an energy-saving device through decreasing nerve stimulation to the diaphragm and intercostals. Therefore, heart rate will be monitored under both experimental conditions and compared to the resting rate and apneic-resting rate. As a profound autonomic phenomenon, further establishment of the diving reflex in humans will shed light on the preservation of the reflex and its role in the survival during ‘near-drowning’ experiences. Only by examining the physiological response in humans can we appreciate the evolutionary significance of this innate neural circuitry.

Flight nurse’s and Flight Paramedics performs as members of an aeromedical crew on helicopters (rotor wing), and airplanes (fixed wing) aircraft, providing for in-flight management and care for all types of patients. Responsibilities of this job include the planning and preparation of flight, safety, evaluation of an individual patient's in-flight needs and request appropriate medications, supplies, and equipment to provide continuing care from origination to the destination facility. They act as liaisons between facilities during an interfacility transport and from scene location to trauma center during medical and trauma related emergencies. They also initiate emergency treatment in the absence of a physician during in-flight medical emergencies. Flight nurses and Flight Paramedics have training in mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic support, vasoactive medications, airway, and other intensive care skills.

During the Apollo space missions, as well as later missions, American astronauts encountered a new phenomenon, space motion sickness. American scientists wanted to know what was causing this sickness, and looked to Russian research for answers, as Russian cosmonauts had encountered this phenomenon before. Historically, Russian scientists attributed the sickness to fluid shift, a process where decreased gravity allows fluids in the body to move headward. This can cause imbalances in hormones or neurotransmitters. It can also increase intracranial pressure, including in the inner ear, causing difficulties in the vestibular area of the ear. A more recent theory attributes the problem to sensory conflict. Through research and experimentation, scientists

problems affecting posture or balance is unclear, with not clinical consensus. It is unclear why dynamic

Moreover, accident surveys and aviation studies all indicate that fatigue is an emerging hazard and a major concern in airline industries around the world. Long flying pilots often attribute the cause of their fatigue to circadian disturbances and sleep deprivation, which is as a result of time zone transitions. While short flying pilots attribute their fatigue on workload and sleep

There is a strong association between obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension, among cardiac conditions such as heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. OSA and hypertension share similar risk factors such as age and obesity, and are commonly co-morbid. During an obstructive sleep apnea episode the patient experiences reduced airflow due to obstruction in the upper airway, leading to hypoxia and hypercapnia, the patient is typically awakened by these episodes. Due to hypoxia, OSA causes an increase in sympathetic activity, endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. Increase systemic activity leads to an increase in both heart rate and blood pressure. Endothelial dysfunction is an imbalance of vasorelaxation

The safety protocol on a plane states, in case of a drop-in air pressure, each individual should place their oxygen masks on first before assisting any other individual. This is to ensure that if you are with someone who needs assistance you are able to effectively add aid. You are useless passed out and unresponsive, which would ultimately put other’s well-being at risk

An assessment of the level of consciousness (LOC) should be carried out during the primary survey of all patients, using the ABCDE approach Cole (2009: 28). Any initial or subsequent reduction in the LOC of the patient may be caused by hypoxia; hypovolaemia; head injury; drug or medicine use; hypoglycaemia; hypothermia or alcohol ingestion (Cole, 2009:44).

The most common abnormality observed was heart rate response to standing(68%), followed by deep breathing( 64%). Heart rate response to valsalva was the least affected (30%)

Follow a systematic palpate the sternoclavicular, aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid and epigastric areas using a systematic sequence. Using the ball of hand find the apical pulse then tips of finger over the precordium. Note abnormal finding such as heaves, thrills and fine vibration (purring cat). Palpate the other arterial pulses by pressing with the pads of your index and middle finger. Start at the temporal artery and work down to the dorsalis pedis pulse. Abnormal finding such week pulse could be due to cold weather or can indicate sever heart failure or peripheral vascular disease. Strong or bounding pulsations usually occur in a patient with a condition that causes increased cardiac output, such as hypertension, hypoxia, anemia, exercise, or anxiety. A thrill usually suggests a valvular dysfunction.

Nick is a 36 year old Caucasian male. His occupation sees him travelling frequently by air. Nick has an excessive fear of flying and becomes anxious, and at times is unable to board the plane. Nick states that before boarding the plane he becomes anxiety, gets nervous, his palms become sweaty, and he often experiences shortness of breath. Nick’s goal of counselling is too be able to comfortably fly again

With this person I feel he has the symptoms of what is called decompression sickness (DCS) this being a result from when he went scuba diving and then getting on a flight. For starters the person from being so deep in the reef, and where a good amount of gases went into his bloodstream when he was diving. After returning above the water his body did not have time to decompress the gases from his lungs. Meanwhile once the person boarded the plane and with the different altitudes within a short period of time. Taken in consideration of comparing to the sea level and the plan where the pressure was different. From the two different oxygen level places and then being on the plane with realizing there will be a decrease of pressure. With a

The paper presents a review, analysis and a study on hypoxia faced by pilots at higher altitudes. The problems faced by pilots of commercial flights and the ways and means of dealing with them with the use of technology used in military planes will be the point of discussion and focus. The usage of technology that minimize the conditions of hypoxia at higher altitudes and reduction of its