IB Physics Thermodynamics Lab- "The purpose of this lab is to determine the identity of an unknown metal, and to prove whether the laws of thermodynamics hold when determining this identity."

Following in the steps of Lavoisier and Pierre-Simon, an experiment will be conducted on the heat capacity of a Styrofoam calorimeter in comparison to a brand calorimeter. Water shall be used first because of its known specific heat and the experiment will be repeated with HCL (Hydrochloric Acid) and NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) in hopes to calculating the specific heat of the reaction.

It is necessary to identify the identity of two unknown metals. This is important because a metal scrap yard must know the identities of the metals before they can be recycled. It is also necessary to know what each metal is if a building is to be made using one or more of these metals. Identifying the metals will be done using intensive properties. Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of material present. Density is an intensive property found with the formula D=m/v. Which is defined as mass divided by volume to find the density.

In this experiment, we investigate the change in temperature caused by adding a chemical substance into the water and dissolving it. The results recorded in the table below show that our hypothesis is correct.

| an object with a volume of 3.91 x 10-24 nm3 and a mass of 7.93 x 10-14 ng

The second experiment involved the heat exchange between metal and water. The metal in beaker and water in calorimeter

The change in temperature within the water in the metal can will be held constant at a change of 20oc

Introduction: Using the analytical methods of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, in order to determine the composition of a mixture and its individual pure compounds. This is done by analyzing the mixture of compounds using Gas Chromatography and the individual pure compounds by using Mass Spectrometry. Experimental Procedure: Obtain a screw cap and vial which will be ran in the Gas Chromatograph. Fill vial no more than half full of pre prepared unknown compound which is dissolved in either ethanol or acetone. Place vial in Gas Chromatograph and follow the instruction in order to analyze unknown compound.

Even though the results were expected there might be some errors and accuracy made during the experiments like how the 100g brass mass was placed in the boiling water sometimes it was all the way in and sometimes it would come up.

destroyed in a chemical reaction, but it is transferred from one system to another. The heat of the

Madi King & Beth Braswell December 16, 2015 ICE CREAM THERMODYNAMICS LAB Introduction- The purpose of this lab was to determine how to lower the freezing point of water in order to freeze an ice cream mixture. In ice cream making removing 1000 calories of heat from a milk/sugar mixture is removed and is then transferred to the salt/ice mixture. Energy is conserved and this meets the requirements for the first law. Heat is always moving from the hotter object to the cooler one.

I used these certain amount of mass so I have a big range of data and will make a better comparison.

A metal scrap yard was confronted with the issue of being unable to distinguish and identify the unknown metals that lay at waste in the yard. It is necessary to know which type of metal the scraps belong to in order to know where to send it for recycling. The problem at hand is how does an individual identify an unknown metal. As a scientist, the most functional and effective way of understanding which metal is which, is by acquiring its intensive properties. Examples of intensive properties are: temperature, color, hardness, density, melting point, boiling point, molecular weight, and pressure. These properties are key characteristics to look for when attempting to classify unknown metals. The intensive properties of the metal will allow

Because energy is conserved, the heat that flows out of the hotter object will be equal to the heat that flows into the colder object. With this in mind, it is possible to calculate the temperature two objects will reach when they arrive at thermal

The aim of the experiment is measure the specific heat capacity of water and two metals, aluminum and copper respectively of different conductivity to heat. Heat is a form of energy associated with the motion of atoms or molecules and is capable of being transmitted through solid and fluid media by conduction, through fluid media by convection, and through empty space by radiation. It could also be defined as the transfer of energy from one body to another as a result of the difference in temperature or the change in phase.

Q.10 Heat flows steadily through a stainless steel wall of thickness Lss = 0.06 m, with a variable thermal conductivity of kss = 1.67 + 0.0143T (C). It is