IN12966 Page 1 ID: IN12966 To: The Government of Indonesia From: Asian Policy Advisory and Advocacy

20. The following are trends in substance abuse treatment today except for A. chain smoking regarded as an addiction B.human rights seen as a practical philosophy C.counseling of clients in moderate drinking D.public opinion favoring more imprisonment of drug users ANS:D PG42 21. The drug court movement promotes what action with individuals whose legal problems are related to their addiction? A. decarceration – treatment in the community B. incarceration – treatment in the prison system C. requirement to serve out the remainder of prison term, in case of relapse D. moving clients into “wet house”. ANS:A PG46

For many years, a real push has been looming on the idea of legalizing now illegal drugs. This has become a hot debate throughout nations all over the world, from all walks of life. The dispute over the idea of decriminalizing illegal drugs is and will continue on as an ongoing conflict. In 2001, Drug decriminalization in all drugs, including cocaine and heroin, became a nationwide law in Portugal (Greenwald). Ethan Nadelman, essayist of “Think again: Drugs,” states his side of the story on the continuing criminalization of hard drugs, in which he stand to oppose. Whether it is for the good of human rights or not, decriminalizing drugs may be a good head start for a new beginning.

Drug policy is a crucial topic in the country today. Substance abuse, as well as drug-related crime rates, are a huge problem. This is a fact. The way to fix the problem of substance abuse, however, is widely disagreed upon. Some think that stricter laws regarding drug possession and use would solve the problem, while others believe that loosening the restrictions would be a better option. The issue of legalizing drugs, especially marijuana, is one that is debated all the time. In fact, in 1995, a survey was conducted on the most important policy issues and eighty five percent of the country placed drugs at the top of the list (Falco 1996). Many states are actually beginning to decriminalize, and even

When concerned with the ethics of development in a global environment, the issue of drug abuse is of particular importance. All of the different aspects of the drug trade impact a nation, and specifically the development of a nation within a global environment. Within the United States, drug abuse has been prevalent among specific populations in society for almost a half of a century now. Historically speaking, drug abuse has erupted in many directions; new drugs have offered new markets, new trends have developed new habits. These patterns have become societal concerns on many levels. The creation of new drugs has added another dimension to prescriptive drug abuse. Though science is making

The political background leading to decriminalization was the sense that drug abuse had become an uncontrollable social problem and the main barriers to effectively manage the problem were lack of adequate treatment resources and the financial drain of the criminal justice approach.4 In other words, decriminalization was precipitated by the consensus perception that it was a huge problem, criminalization was making it worse, and decriminalization could enable an effective government response. An extensive study by an elite commission, Comissão para a Estratégia Nacional de Combate à Droga (Commission for a National Anti-Drug Strategy), was created “in response to a rapidly rising drug problem in the 1990s, principally, but not exclusively, involving heroin use.”5

It’s an important viewpoint of the policy that in place does not pardon the use of illicit substances, however has been developed in conjunction with the public health strategy and reduction of injury and illnesses of illicit substance, improve health, social and economic outcomes for the individual and the wider community.

Indonesia has a large drug problem Around 1.3 million addicts currently seek medical help. The number of total addicts is probably much larger. Most of these are between the ages of 13 and 25. With the recent election of President Joko Widodo he claims that he will show a hard line of punishment to any one selling and trafficking drugs.

Drug legalization is an enduring question that presently faces our scholars. This issue embraces two positions: drugs should not be legalized and drugs should be legalized. These two positions contain an array of angles that supports each issue. This brief of the issues enables one to consider the strengths and weakness of each argument, become aware of the grounds of disagreement and agreement and ultimately form an opinion based upon the positions stated within the articles. In the article “Against the Legalization of Drugs”, by James Q. Wilson, the current status of drugs is supported. Wilson believes if a drug such as heroin were legalized there would be no financial or medical reason to avoid heroin usage;

"Should Drug Addicts Be Jailed or Rehabilitated?" The Jakarta Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2017.

In 2000, the Law on Preventing and Combating Narcotic Drugs was passed, reemphasizing the threats that drugs pose to public health and national security. In 1997, an amendment was made to the 1985 criminal code stating that the possession of 100 grams of heroin and 5 kilograms of opium would result in the death penalty. Vietnam believes that criminals of this degree are too dangerous, and that this acts as an effective strategy to prevent further drug related crime in their country. Despite Vietnam’s punitive policies towards drug crime, the country has recently shifted their focus on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The government of Vietnam has attended to this growing dilemma and looked to introduce new harm-reduction approaches. In 2006, the government passed the law, HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, stressing the importance of clean needles and syringes for treatment of opium with substitute-substances. This law was passed in hopes of easing treatment for addicts. Despite all of these actions, treatments have proven to be unsuccessful. The reason for this is the insufficient treatment facilities that the criminals are sent to after being convicted. A few years later, the government altered how they viewed addicts. In 2009, the Penal Code was amended, stating that the government would know refer to drug addicts, or criminals, as patients. The government is looking to help these people, and supports drug recovery to further reduce future drug

Currently drug abuse is the issue that has plagued almost all the societies in the world. This problem poses serious threat to the life of people both in developed and underdeveloped countries. There are different kinds of drugs such as heroin, cocaine, cannabis, hallucinogens, ecstasy, and methamphetamine and so on (McGeorge & Aitken, 1997). Young and age-old people largely use many of these drugs. People usually consider these drugs as a relief from their worries, but these drugs lead them towards addition and psychotic disorders that eventually destroy their health. Legislative authorities in almost every part of the world have been trying to save their generations from the abuse, but the use of these drugs never ended. However, these legislations help to minimize the numbers of drug users where their implementation is done properly (Hall et al., 2004). The aim of this research paper is to provide knowledge about the Cannabis Legalization in Australia and the people’s approach who favor or oppose this legalization. Cannabis drug use, impacts, cannabis legalization in Australia and its advantages and disadvantages will also

Asia Pacific can be said as a major supplier of illicit drugs, opium and heroin are the drugs that dominated the trafficking in the region(Cubbage and Brooks, 2013 :17). The impact of drug trafficking is obviously the increasing of drug abuse in a country. There are many consequences of illicit drug use especially on society, impact such as causing permanent damage to the physical and emotional of the drug users, it gives bad impact on user’s health and their healthcare system. Other impacts are the increasing number of crime, the reducing of national productivity, and even affect the environment(n.a, 2010 :3).

A new report indicates that the economic cost of loss of productivity from drug-related incarcerations is considerably higher than the cost associated with drug use. In light of this, the prime minister is weighing options of proposing new legislation which experiments with models of legal regulation of certain illicit drugs, including the decriminalization of

ANALYSIS FACTOR TO DRUGS ABUSE IN THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION OF SPECIAL NARCOTICSGRADE IIA PAMEKASAN INDONESIA

The prevalence of drug abuse in Papua distribution is 0.8 percent based on data BNN ( National Narcotics Agency) in 2012 . However, based on the data sampled 1000 students each school/vocational school in Jayapura, Mimika and Keerom has touched more than 1 percent. Which details in Jayapura reached 1.7 percent, reaching 1.4 percent Mimika and Keerom reached 1 percent. Even based on national survey data BNN published in 2012 in the province of Papua, drug abuse recorded by the following categories: try to use as many as 5000 people, routine use as many as 7500 people, 250 injecting drug addicted people and non- injecting drug addiction as much as 3500 people.