INTRODUCTION Practices designed to enhance appearance by making a physical change has a long and

Body modification has become increasingly popular due to the influence of media and social trends. As the popularity of body modification increases, the stigma and stereotype that has followed it for generations is gradually losing its prevalence (Keyser, 2017). Social media is a major influence on the popularity of body modification; it has brought body modification into the mainstream and due to this, is becoming more socially accepted (Murphy, 2015). However Cassar (2017) believes ‘Tattoos and piercings are no longer unique”, resulting in the more extreme forms of body modifications as people strive to be unique and stand out from the crowd. The survey conducted shows that 78.6% of the participants had a form of body modification. Out of

Furthermore, cosmetic surgery promotes an unhealthy body image. Often the media omits the negative aspects of cosmetic surgery and only shows the best results and reviews. Consequently, deceiving the viewers into believing that cosmetic surgery has no unsatisfactory results. Plastic surgeon Leo denotes, “Many times, patients come to me quoting glowing reviews they have read on blogs, not realizing that these posts may be sponsored and may not highlight all the risks involved in a medical surgery.” (Straits Times). Teens especially if they have low self-esteem can easily be influenced by these deceptive advertisements. These false advertisements create false perceptions, especially if

The article Cosmetic Surgery and the Cultural Construction of Beauty by Lorrie Blair and Maya Shalmon uncover the never ending popularity of cosmetic surgery. They base their sayings on many articles and researches presented in the March

Standards of beauty can be traced back to the beginning of time. Some of the first criterions were set by the people of Ancient Greece, where women were expected to be plump and fair skinned. Today’s culture may consider the unibrow the epitome of cosmetic error, but women of 500 B.C. exercised the use of pigment in the absence of a natural singular brow. In Ancient Egypt, slender, symmetrical women with braided wigs and eyeliner were all the rage, and as time marched forward, society demanded small feet and white faces from the women of the Han Dynasty. Because the white face paint caused their teeth to appear yellow, these women would paint their teeth black to expunge the unsightly color. 1400’s Italy introduced the high forehead, and ladies would pluck their hairline to achieve this effect. Corsets and cage crinolines were brought into the picture during the Victorian Era to shape the waist and attain the coveted hourglass figure, and as the 1920’s roared in, women abandoned the long-held principles of full figures and long hair to chase after downplayed waists and bobbed haircuts. Through the 1960’s and 1990’s, we watched willowy legs, translucent skin tones, athletic builds, and androgynous tendencies go in and out of style, however one thing remained consistent: subjectivity. No form of beauty remained the same, and every new fad was influenced by the norms of the time period. As a result of society’s relentless search for cosmetic perfection, we as human beings have lost our

It began over 4000 years ago. The idea of a perfect being led people to change themselves through piercings, tattoos, and binding among other changes. Alteration varied by culture: foot binding in China, lip plugs in Ethiopia, and tooth shaping in Indonesia. However, they all had the same goal: to achieve be “perfect”. In the 20th century, modifications went even further with the

Cosmetic surgery is becoming the most popular category of surgery, for both men and women. According to Alexander Edmonds “Beauty is becoming a more visible part of medicine, and health risks may become less visible.” Since only one-third of surgeries

Thesis: Plastic Surgery has been a problem in American society. People shouldn’t feel ashamed of their body, their looks, or be insecure about any body part because everyone is beautiful in their own way. Problems of plastic surgery include expenses, health issues, and medical malpractice.

Plastic surgery began as bodily reconstruction for wounded soldiers in World War I. The surgery developed in stages, starting with correcting traumatic injuries and deformed facial features. The more cosmetic focus began in the 1970’s, with creating “perfected” facial features and making aesthetically pleasing body parts. Cosmetic surgery boomed in the 1990’s, with 1.2 million procedures performed in the United States alone (plasticsurgery.org). The swiftness in which these procedures have infiltrated society has lead to a change in our view of the value of the body. The modern ease and accessibility of cosmetic surgery has intensified the need for external beauty and has influenced the loss of personal identity.

There are many reasons for individuals to acquire body modifications. One possible reason for body modifications is to gain attention through displays of extravagance such as those that are found in people with histrionic disorder (Durand & Barlow, 2000). A study by Burger & Finkel (2002) investigated reasons why people adorn their bodies with tattoos and body piercing. They also researched unmodified participants’ perceptions of body art. When the researchers polled participant group as to their perceptions of body modifications, they found that many people associate tattoos and body piercing with risky behaviors and view them as symbols of drug abuse and violence (Burger & Finkel, 2002). They found that a main motivation for people to modify their bodies is to increase self-esteem. The people polled found body art as beautiful and felt more beautiful when they acquired it. A study conducted at Denison University by Lyons and Snyder (1996) described the reasons why college men and women had tattoos and body piercing. The main reason cited by the men with body modifications for getting tattooed or pierced was to identify themselves with a certain group. Women, however, rated their tattoos and piercing to make themselves more individualized or sexually appealing. Other popular reasons for displaying body modifications are to carry on cultural traditions and to increase

In recent years plastic surgery is something that has become a very popular trend, and also where many young people are even lining up for it. Plastic surgery is to reconstruct or repair parts of the body, especially by the transfer of tissue it can be used for treatment of injury or cosmetic reasons. It enhances one’s physical appearance, allowing him or her to achieve a look he or she desires. For example, a women’s buttocks can be enlarged or reduced, or a nose can be straightened or lifted. Many people find themselves changing their bodies and wondering if perfecting their appearance would make life a bit more perfect. Plastic surgery can enhance someone’s level of confidence and boost their self-esteem, but it is something that can have very serious consequences people need to be aware of.

Thesis: The cosmetic, issues, and beauty. We need to understand every possible outcome while considering plastic surgery

Plastic Surgery has become a worldwide epidemic in today’s world. The number of plastic surgeries continues to increase since 2010. In today’s day and age, plastic surgery is one of the most popular and requested procedures. Females are opting to have plastic surgery because they dislike their body image. Society has impacted many people by brain washing them to believe that a person’s body has to be perfect. In order for one to be considered beautiful, television and media influence people’s perceptions of beauty.

We live in a society where people worship beauty. As far as recorded history people have gone to extremes to seek beauty. From foot binding in China to wearing strangulating corsets in Victorian era. People from different race and culture have experimented in every way possible way to look beautiful prior to this popular age of plastic surgery. It’s very common to hear people complain about their appearance, whether it’s their crocked nose, thin lips or flat chest. Remarkably, plastic surgery has been the solution for people who complain. Most people tend to think of plastic surgery as only cosmetic surgery and not as reconstructive surgeries. Plastic surgeries seems to be an invention of modern technology; however its roots lie in the ancient history of India. An Indian surgeon contributed towards the establishment of plastic surgery, it was intended to correct physical deformities acquired during birth, accident, disease or war. These surgeries did not gain the popularity it has today until the First World War. It was during the late 60’s, when doctors started realizing the endless possibilities of plastic surgeries. With the help of this surgery a trained surgeon can replace an amputate body part, remove skin cancer, get rid of unattractive scars and visible birthmarks or rescaling a nose or enhance body parts. Today more and more people from different age groups opt for plastic surgeries to obtain dramatic physical changes. These surgeries were envisioned to restore

“Don’t like the way you look? Ready for a quick and easy change? We can help you with one simple cosmetic surgery.” We have all heard or seen advertisements like this on television or in magazines, but why is cosmetic surgery so appealing to people, especially women? Cosmetic surgery is used all over the world to enhance one’s features and make people “happy,” but is it worth it? Is it beauty or is it a beast having cosmetic surgery done? There are many options and things to consider when thinking about getting any kind of surgery. Body image is a huge aspect especially when there is a demand for beauty by society. The cost of cosmetic surgery and the dangers are also something to take into consideration, but there are many positives in getting this type of surgery.

In recent years, it has become very popular to have cosmetic surgery. Over of 120,000 surgical procedures it was estimated that were performed in the UK during 2011. Cosmetic surgery procedures are carried out in women more that men about 9 in every 10 ,and the cosmetic treatments non-surgical, such as Botox, accounting for over 90% of all cosmetic procedures it is even more popular than surgical procedures.(6)