IOR Effect Essay

The purpose of the study was to measure the effect that the Flicker Paradigm had on visual perception. The Flicker Paradigm causes a distraction while there is a change made in the image. It was designed to test how long the groups took to react to a change in the visual field. The test is meant to show that the disturbance in the visual field made it much more challenging for the viewer to notice any changes that were made in the image. The hypothesis stated that the experimental group, the group using the Flicker Paradigm, would take longer to notice the change in the visual field than the control group, which had no flicker between the altered images. This is because the disturbance in the visual field caused the brain to miss the change that was made to the image because the information was deemed as unimportant. The majority of the perceived changes occurred in the background of the scene, and were considered minor in reference to the whole scene. This was proven true from the data collected, and coincided with previous tests. (Rensink, R. A. 2000). The data in tables 1.1 and 1.3 shows the individual participant data for the test with a flicker for both tests one and two. Tables 1.2 and 1.4 represent the individual results for the tests with no flicker, or the control group. Graphs 1.1 and 1.2 showed the relationship between the time taken to recognize alterations in the images. The data was taken from the average time to recognize the change from all

Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the 4 cranial nerves that are used for vision and eye movement based on their functions by performing several tests. With that being said, there are 12 cranial nerves in the body. The first cranial nerve is known as Olfactory Nerve I. This nerve is used for smell.

In the first article, Knight, Mazzi and Savazzi (2015) made 3 hypotheses. The first hypothesis was that the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) threshold would change when the background changed from uniform to pattern (Knight et al., 2015). The second hypothesis was that the likelihood of the participant sensing light versus dark percepts would change when global luminance of the background changed (Knight et al., 2015). The third hypothesis was that the likelihood of light versus dark percepts would stay the same at different TMS intensities (Knight et al., 2015). The study had 16 participants who all wore corrective lens (Knight et al., 2015). To test the threshold of phosophenes, a Method of Constant Stimuli (MOCS) was used (Knight et al., 2015). The participants received 120 randomly administered trials with pulses from TMS under two different background conditions (Knight et al., 2015). A paired t-test was used to analyze the difference in stimulator intensity threshold for inducing percepts between background conditions (Knight et al., 2015). A repeated-measures analysis of variance

The Jelsone-Swain, Smith, & Baylis, (2012), research displays these conclusions provide innovative understandings into the perceptual discrepancies linked with hemineglect and this backups other effort that fabricates the fast denial account of non-awareness dispensation in visual hemispatial neglect.

The Stroop effect was tested on four different tasks. Nineteen Queens College students were recruited by flyer, and each were assigned to a word reading task, color reading task, color inhibition task, and word inhibition task. They were timed using a stopwatch function on a cell phone, to name the color, or word to the quickest of their ability. In the order from longest reaction time to shortest: inhibition color naming task, color naming task, inhibition word reading, and word reading. This study shows that people can read words more quickly than they can name colors, and that inhibiting an automatic response to color/word tasks will take longer to do than tasks that do not involve inhibition.

The article by Avital-Cohen and Tsal (2016) discussed the flanker task experiment, which asserted that distractor interference happens unconsciously as a result of focused attention toward the target. The results from the original flanker task indicated that participants had slower responses for incongruent trials, since the distractors are inconsistent with the target and would require a different response (Avital-Cohen & Tsal, 2016). However, Avital-Cohen and Tsal (2016) questioned the findings from the flanker task experiment. They decided to challenge the idea that only the target stimuli receives top-down processing, and not the distractors (Avital-Cohen & Tsal, 2016). The first experiment aimed to test whether the distractor interference is purely bottom-up processing as claimed in the flanker task. The experiment manipulated participants’ expectations of the target using the context effect - a type of top-down processing - by changing the distractors to be either letters or digits (Psych 240 lecture, 9/21/16). Then, the researchers conducted a second experiment and eliminated the ambiguity of distractors. They wanted to test whether the result from experiment 1 was caused by an overall bias or the ambiguous distractors. In experiment 2, the researchers predicted that they would obtain similar results to the first experiment only if the results were due to an overall bias effect (Avital-Cohen & Tsal, 2016). This study allows us to deepen our understanding of available

This was achieved by presenting central cues, indicating the position of the target letter thus increasing focus. Through these experiments they found that when a subject is in a diffuse attention state (unfocussed) SOD do cause attentional capture and increase reaction time. However, if the subject was presented with a cue this same increase in reaction time was not observed. This led them to conclude that attentional capture from SOD is not automatic and instead propose a priority based visual attention system. In 2006 Neo and Chua conducted research which built upon Yantis and Jonides’ to further demonstrate effects of attentional capture on reaction time. They investigated whether sporadic use of the SOD increased the effect of attentional capture as well as investigated whether maintaining the same position for the target letter decreased reaction times. They found that SOD attentional capture did affect reaction times and unlike in Yantis and Jonides’ experiment they concluded SOD did trigger an automaticity response when used

The two independent variables were luminant cue patches (light cue, dark cue and equiluminant cue) and location of the cue and target (valid side with cue and target on same side and invalid side with cue and target on opposite sides). The dependent variable was participants’ reaction time in millisecond.

During our usual flight, we need to obey the rules that published by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), there are two flight rules that we use to fly every day, according to the weather conditions such as the ceiling and the visibility outside, one flight rule is VFR (visual flight rules) and the other one is IFR (instrument flight rules), every rule has its own limitations and requirements for their own daily use. Like the visual flight rules, we usually use it because it is convenient, it does not require too much knowledge, when the weather is good and the pilot has the certificate, we can go fly. But what about the instrument flight rules, when

Another study by Curran and Benton shows that as the speed of the distractor increases, there is an increase in the magnitude of motion repulsion. Curran and Benton concluded that the reduction in magnitude of higher distractor speeds are due to at least 2 factors; “reduced apparent contrast of high speed distractors, and whether distractor and target motions are accessed by the same or different global motion channels.” Therefore, there is a linear relationship between the distractor speed and target motion in slow speeds. This suggest that as the speed difference between the two surfaces increases, there would be an increase in the magnitude of motion repulsion. Our method for investigating the effects of motion direction in conjunction with speed on motion repulsion includes measuring seeped at 5 to 7 different rates and measuring motion with 2 conditions (similar vs. dissimilar) under attended and unattended conditions. For the unattended condition, the participant fixate on a cross and then 2 surfaces appear (green and red) moving in different directions for 2 seconds and they ignore the directional

Early studies have widely researched attention with selective processing (Driver, 2001). Broadbent (1958) filter theory of attention states that certain information does not require focal attention. It is based on certain stimulus attributes such as colour and shape (Friedenberg, 2012). A previous study carried out by Treisman and Schmidt (1982) proposes that when attention is diverted from a display of several figures, the participants incorrectly combine the features of colour and shape therefore increases the illusory conjunctions portrayed by the participants (Tsal, 1989). Another study by Shaw (1978) found that reaction time of participant to identify targets varied with the probability that a target would appear in a particular display location. These results indicate that different amounts of attention towards the targets are distributed to different positions in the visual field. However, Houck and Hoffman (1986) found that the feature integration of colour and orientation can sometimes be accomplished without attention (James et al.,

Aforementioned, OAHR is a province-wide program that has been implemented in both urban and rural communities. While the program was initially targeted at smaller and rural communities where there is often a lack of resources, information, and ideas around anti-racism initiatives, it was expanded in 2016 to include four urban communities – Vancouver, Richmond, Surrey, and Burnaby. Despite BC celebrating and fostering diversity and multiculturalism through an array of initiatives, such as the Multiculturalism Policy and an annual multiculturalism week in November, people of colour continue to experience racism in various aspects of their lives. For example, newcomers in Burnaby often feel there is underlying

Pursuit gain, which is the ratio of eye velocity to target velocity, is affected by target velocity, acceleration and frequency. For the sinusoidal pursuit stimulus, these three stimulus parameters are mutually interdependent. For the triangular wave pursuit stimulus, velocity is constant, and acceleration appears as periodic pulses. Accordingly, frequency and velocity can be varied independently of acceleration. Unfortunately, perfect tracking of the triangular wave stimulus is impossible because of the abrupt accelerations at turn-around

Scanlon explores the ethical significance of the intentions and motives with which people act. According to Scanlon, these intentions and motives do not have any direct bearing on the permissibility of the act. Thus, Scanlon claims that the traditional Doctrine of Double Effect is mistaken. However, the way in which someone is motivated to act has

precision. On IVB, the ratio of performance between SP to DP is around 2, which is consistent with the SIMD width ratio of these two precisions. For KNC, the SIMD widths in SP and DP are 16 and 8 respectively, but a performance gap of 3 to 4 times in SP and DP is observed, which is well beyond the ratio of SIMD width. This is because the performance of where clauses for WS/DMMPs schemes on KNC is sensitive to the SIMD width as described in the section of SW26010 optimization. The wider the SIMD vectorization is supported, the better performance efficiency can be obtained.