Ibm : A Major Innovator Of Computer And Computer Related Products

IBM was behind the inventions of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM); Floppy Disk; Electronic Keypunch; SABRE travel reservation system; PC; UPC codes; Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM);Watson Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Machine. (IBM Facebook, 2014)

IBM was founded in 1911. IBM (International Business Machines) is by far the world's largest information technology company in terms of revenue ($88 billion in 2000) and by most other measures, a position it has held for about the past 50 years. IBM products include hardware and software for a line of business servers, storage products, custom-designed microchips, and application software. ("What is IBM (International Business Machines)? - Definition from WhatIs.com," n.d.)

The companies that merged to form CTR manufactured a wide range of products, including employee time-keeping systems, weighing scales, automatic meat slicers, coffee grinders, and most important for the development of the computer- punched card equipment. Of the companies that merged to form CTR, the most technologically significant was the Tabulating Machine Company, founded by Herman Hollerith, and specialized in the development of punched card data processing equipment. The Tabulating Machine Company won a government contract, and completed it with amazing speed. After that Hollerith was faced with the challenge of sustaining the company in non-Census years. In 1911, Hollerith, now 51 and in failing health sold the business to Flint who then created C-T-R.

System (circuit board) was using MOT 6502 which was 8-bit (nowadays 64 bit architectures) microprocessor chosen over Motorola 6800 which was nearly 10 times more expensive. There was a few disadvantages of that choice like smaller amount of instructions. The MOS6502 was able to carry only 52 instructions where the Motorola had 72 available for an assembler. Other than that specs where very similar like clock frequency (1 MHz) and 64kb of addressable memory. Each system was also coming with 8k bytes DRAM (dynamic memory) on board which was faster than standard equivalent and it was taking less space on the motherboard. DRAM was also energy efficient so it doesn’t harm home user budget. Like every system needs a programing language he designed a BASIC language which was allowing user to do several calculations. For the input he used an ASCI keyboard (Yes the same ASCII we use today). Keyboard needed an on board program for decoding and his done that innovative way. Wozniak have used PROM which was a programmable read only memory. PROM was non-volatile memory there for he could write a program for use of a keyboard which would be there even when power is off ready for next use. The process of programming PROM wasn’t easy and could be done only once by burning fuses in the memory cell. The burning was done by applying higher voltage in to the sells where the fuse needed to be burned out. Every burned cell was read by the

IBM holds more patents than any other U.S.-based technology company, and has nine research laboratories worldwide. Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, nine National Medals of Technology, and five National Medals of Science. Famous inventions by IBM include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, SABRE airline reservation system, DRAM,

By the late 1970s the computing giant IBM had plans for marketing a personal computer for home use. They approached Microsoft to develop the standard operating system for their home computer models. Gates and Allen then went out and purchased for $50,000 an operating system called Q-Dos,

1981, August 12 IBM introduces its Personal Computer, which uses Microsoft 's 16-bit operating system, Microsoft MS-DOS version 1.0, plus Microsoft BASIC, Microsoft COBOL, Microsoft Pascal, and other Microsoft products.

Nobody knows everything right off the bat. Some people have better instincts than others but most great leaders strive for self improvement. As a manager it’s your responsibility to educate yourself as best you can and apply that new found knowledge in your professional and personal relationships. Being a boss is not just about giving orders, it’s about communicating and encouraging innovation.

Gates ' influence over the microcomputer industry enormously augmented when Microsoft authorized a working framework called MS-DOS to Universal Business Machines Partnership then the world 's most cosmically huge machine supplier and industry pacesetter for utilization on its first microcomputer, the IBM PC. After the machine 's discharge in 1981, IBM speedily set the specialized standard for the PC business, and MS-DOS moreover pushed out contending working frameworks. While Microsoft 's autonomy strained cognations with IBM,

In 1970, a group led by IBM’s John Cocke, worked on a high-performance minicomputer, named the 801. IBM never marketed this machine but

In the epoch of globalization and widespread use of technologies, emerging trends change rapidly. Thus, the future of any competitive company becomes less and less predictable. To avoid this situation, enterprises apply risk prevention and mitigation strategies aimed to remove the general threat of substitution. However, a biggest danger derives from small day-to-day changes which are likely to affect the businesses slowly but notably. Taking IBM as a vivid example of a successful company, it is reasonable to claim that it also is endangered by non-linear changes and needs to be ready for the uncertain future.

IBM was behind the inventions of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM); Floppy Disk; Electronic Keypunch; SABRE travel reservation system; PC; UPC codes; Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM);Watson Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Machine. (IBM Facebook, 2014)

Founded in June 1911, IBM has always been a leading company in the technology industry and at the forefront of innovation. It is a manufacturer of computer hardware and software, and also provides infrastructure, hosting and consulting services. Before the 2000s, IBM was the largest PC vendor in the world. However, the hardware sales have continually declined since 2000, and IBM sold its PC group to Lenovo in 2004, as well as its x86 Server Business in 2014. In the new era of the technology industry, IBM has faced the challenge to transit from a hardware manufacturer to a service company.

The company was founded in 1911 through a merger of three companies and now has its headquarters in Armonk, New York. IBM holds 435,000 employees

Compaq and Dell stole IBM’s PC market with the right price and the right message.