Ibn Al-Haytham: The Man On The Iraqi 10 Dollar Bill

Mathematics has been a part of society ever since its began. Numerous great minds have contributed to the field but one of the most influential mathematicians was Leonardo da Vinci. Genius, renowned and ahead of his time, Leonardo Da Vinci has been called all of these from the time he began changing the world and still is to this day. I chose Leonardo da Vinci to as my scientist because of how progressive da Vinci was within his designs. The power of mathematics and da Vinci’s mind brought humanity amazing new things and ideas. Though Da Vinci is most known for his superior artistic talents, he was also an inventor that incorporated mathematics into designs that were hundreds of years ahead of their time. The invention of a battle tank, robots and diving suits are all accredited to Leonardo da Vinci.

19. The growth of cross cultural trade spread scientific and technological traditions influencing Greek philosophy and science throughout Europe, Greek and Indian math on Muslim followers, Eastern Asia’s gunpowder and printing technologies throughout Islam and Western

Advanced technology supported the high standard of living of the general population, and is still upholding much of our standard of living today. A large proportion of today’s technology is derived or constructed upon the work of Muslim Inventors. During the 10th and 11th century, a famous Arab astronomer and mathematician of the age, Ibn Al-Haytham, became the first to have a correct understanding of the human vision and was therefore able to create the first effective camera which without, the modern camera would be impossible. The Da Vinci of the Islamic world, Ibn Firnas, devised a flying costume during the 9th century. He launched himself off the side of a mountain wearing his invention in order to test his device and became the first man to attempt controlled flight. The experiment was partially successful as he remained aloft for a few seconds. The somewhat successful glider later inspired Leonardo Da Vinci to design his own flying device which provided the foundations of modern flight. The first automatic and mechanical clocks were also introduced by Muslim inventors, most remarkable of which is the elephant clock - a sizeable, automatic clock that used Greek water-raising technology, an Indian elephant, an Egyptian phoenix, Arabian figures and Chinese

According to document 4, Al-Khwarizmi, a Muslim mathematician wrote a textbook in the 800’s about algebra which was later adopted throughout Europe. Muslim mathematicians also adopted Arabic numerals from Indians and used them in place-value system. (Doc. 4) These mathematical advances also led to the creation of simple yet complicated structures. Also, after using their observations and their understanding of mathematics, Muslim scholars were able to make an advancement in mapmaking. They used astrolabe and armillary sphere to help study skies and make calculations for calendars and maps. (Doc.

Muslims in America faced several difficulties as they tried to gain racial equality and religious freedom. When they entered America and began to form an Islam religion there was a vastly larger number of white Christians than there were Muslims, and as a result, one of the difficulties they faced was that they were outnumbered by other religions. Because of the Islam religion being outnumbered by other religions, there was much less knowledge on their religion than there was on Christianity, leading to them being a minority compared to white Christians. As a result of this, there were not as many organizations that helped to increase the number of Islam presence in America. One of the organizations that was developed to help the Islam religion in America was the creation of the Moorish Science Temple, which Noble Drew Ali founded because "African Americans were descended from the

Osman Bey: The founder of the dynasty that continued in unbroken succession until the dissolution of the empire. He was chief of a band of semi-nomadic Turks who migrated to northwestern Anatolia.

Isis King Bio, Married, Net Worth, Salary, Height, Weight, and Wiki Short Bio Isis King is an American model, actress, and fashion designer. She is best known as for being a contestant on both the eleventh cycle and the seventeenth cycle of the reality television show America's Next Top Model. In 2008, she finished in 10th Place on Cycle 11 of America's Next Top Model.

In America, there has been many occasions of attacks. Most of these attacks consist of terrorism. Terrorism is the unlawful act of violence which is used by terrorists to make people fear. Osama Bin Laden is one of the most well-known terrorist in the world. The killing of Osama Bin Laden, which is the man behind the attacks on 9/11, was a turning point in history because he was the leader of Al-Qaeda and the sponsor of the terrorist act.

Ismail I lived during a turbulent time in Iran’s history. It was a period of “political fragmentation and decentralization” [Richard C. Martin]. He was the founder of the Safavid Empire. In 1501, he named himself the Shah, king, of the empire and proclaimed Twelver religion the official religion of state. It took him almost over a decade to consolidate his control over all of Iran, where most of the Persian population still practiced as Sunni. His Qizilbash military was given the task to convert anyone on Safavid territory to Twelver Islam and the army succeeded. Ismail was a remarkable leader when he set his mind to it, yet the Ottoman empire instigated a war against the Safavid empire because of the increase of Shia population. Ismail was caught by surprise and the Qizilbash were defeated. The aftermath of the battle was severe; Ismail was so embarrassed by the defeat he became inattentive to any Qizilbash work and military affairs of state. He broke down and started to write poems about pious Muslims and how they worship their god. The shah died at age 36, after becoming an alcoholic, but the Safavid empire continued for over 200 years after. The Safavid Empire was founded on the unified front of their population, their military strength and intolerance for other beliefs but their own.

Muslims had sought enormous advances in academics, such philosophy, history, mathematics, and the sciences. Muslim girls and boys received elementary education, which underscored perusing and composing. They expected to take in these skills to concentrate the Quran. The Muslim capital of the world is Cordova, it was a great education city. Cordova had over 800 public schools, 37 libraries, and many bookstores. Another Islamic academic advance was in mathematics. A Muslim mathematician by the name of al-Khwarizmi, he had written a book on Algebra. These are just

Some people may argue that literature and arts in the Muslim world innovated and effected the world today more than mathematics because according to My World History Textbook visual arts helped the creation of beautiful domes and arches, colored bricks, and decorated tiles that are still used today. The Muslim civilizations created many more useful things under the topic of mathematics that are still used today and most likely will be in the future . For example in the text it states “Arab mathematicians used a decimal system that was based on the Indian numerals and was sometimes referred to as Hindu numerals.” The Muslims created a new number system, this system included the concept zero and was much easier to use than Roman numerals. Then someone named Al-kharm introduced it to Europe. Another product is algebra, before algebra Europeans

From 3000 B.C. to 300 B.C. civilizations have been able to settle in Mesopotamia, modern day Iraq, the region between the Tigris and Euphrates River. Just as each new civilization learned from the remains left behind, historians now study the same remains to connect the dots as to how we are here today.

Omar was also a poet, philosopher, and astronomer. Omar’s works were translated in 1851, which was research on Euclid’s axioms. In the medieval period, he expanded on Khwarizmi’s and the Greeks mathematic works. He only worked with cubic equations only and focused on geometric and algebraic solutions of equations. In 1145AD, Al-Khwarizmi’s book was translated by Robert Chester, which made it possible for algebra to be introduced to Europe. After algebra was introduced in Europe, European mathematicians developed and expanded on algebra concepts. Even though algebra began in the Arabic countries, once European mathematicians obtained the information of algebra, they became the leaders of mathematical discoveries in the world (“Mathematics”).

Persian Gulf War, also called Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region1. The Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein claimed as a reason for the invasion a territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway which forms the boundary between the two countries2. Saddam Hussein believed that Iran was in turmoil and that his forces could achieve quick victory3.

The Muqaddimah is a thirteenth century historical and sociological work that was written by one of the greatest historians at the time, Ibn Khaldun. His work was used all the way up until the 19th century because no other work has given so much in-depth detail to the history and society of the Middle East in the Middle Ages and prior to that. Ibn Khaldun has read more first-hand references to what really did happen, and understands how the Caliphates fell within the Middle East. He is very critical of other historians, but this is what makes him so accurate at this point in time. He comes up with theories