Ibn Khaldun's 4 Step Model

There are three different divisions that make up the Middle Eastern ecological trilogy. One division is the villagers. The villages consist of large family units that live in rural areas, farming the land. Another division is the pastoral nomads. Pastoral nomads are tribes of people that wander the land, looking for areas to graze their livestock. The last division is the Urbanites. Urbanites are the people who live in large towns and cities and produce many technical innovations. Each of these branches are dependent on each other to get the goods they need to survive.

Amalgamation-(melting pot) all groups should combine their traditions calues and characteristics with one another to create a new group.

What is a savage? The first definition that may come into some people’s mind is a ferocious, uncivilized being. This is precisely what the people outside of the Reservation think of them. The savages live within the Reservation, but their life isn’t perfect. They may have the ability to think and are taught to live without the pleasure factor of soma, but they live surrounded by an electric fence.

Forging nomads where made up of small groups of 50 or so people, which required little to no leadership. Everyone just wanted the survival of the group, so everyone worked together to ensure that goal was met. Everyone shared resources with each other because it was a necessity. "The absence of private possession in land and other vital resources means that a form of communism probably existed among prehistoric hunting and collecting bands" (Harris 2-3). While not formally defined as communism yet, that was the form of government that worked back then. It’s strange how as governments developed, that same communistic ideology of survival and the well-being of the group became more and more obsolete. It became a world of every man for

If the resources were abundant, living would be easier. But if the resources were scarce people would usually be in small groups prioritizing finding food. However for people like the Middle Easterners that lived within the fertile crescent, They their surrounding were anything but scarce. Those people could actually live in there for long periods of time. Yet, when the food started to deplete the Middle Easterners began to cultivate the plants and animals. Transitioning from nomads to

However, during periods when trade relations were cut off, the nomads had the option of simply smashing and

On August 18th, the militant group know as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or ISIS—known for its public executions, destruction of priceless artworks, and brutal oppression of a region that has seen its fare share of, well, brutal oppression—has dealt a blow to the archaeology community by publicly beheading 82-year-old Khaled al-Asaad, revered as one of the premier Syrian archaeologist.

Georg Simmel begins his article, ‘The Web of Group-Affiliations’ by stating that the unity of a group grows out of a more primitive behavior which is not always of rational character. Written in 1922, Simmel’s articles explains that primitive societies lived in close knit tribes and came into contact with the same small number of people. Group affiliation at this time was characterized by a pattern of concentric circles as groups including the family (nuclear and extended family), and consisted mostly of the same people. These small groups absorb each other, collapsing into one whole.

During the pre-Islamic Arabian society with limited of resources, they formed tribes to maintain resource and to have social orders. In this society, it will be ideal to live here. Even though, there’s limited of resources, people in the community have a duty to encourage, protect and help each other when needed.

Society and its inherent need to have all of its inhabitants fit together as one

Nomads are considered as travelers and wonderers. They do not have a permanent residence and are always on the move. They move during the change of the seasons, mainly to seek out destinations where food supplies are plentiful. In my family's experience, our nomadic lifestyle came from the need of work and the opportunity for an adventure to travel and see the country.

Some also even raise cattle. Most of the Mazanderani farmers who raise cattle follow after their nomadic ancestors living as nomads.

All the dabbawallah were from the same geographical area and spoke the same language. This gave a kind of cultural profile to the Trust and high degree of cohesion amongst each other.

Abd al-Rahman Ibn Mohammad was born in Tunisia in 1332 A.D is generally known as Ibn Khaldun after a remote ancestor. His parents settled in Spain originally Yemenite Arabs but after the fall of Seville, they have migrated to Tunisia. and did his primary education, he came from a royal family who has also given him best education, he is considered as the father of Sociology, the sciences of History and the greatest Arab historian, the earliest nonreligious philosophies of history developed by Ibn Khaldun in his masterwork, the Muqaddimah.

Perhaps Ibn Khaldun, the medieval Muslim scholar, can give us a hint. Ibn Khaldun spoke of asabiyah or social cohesion, as binding groups together through a common language, culture, and code of behavior. Asabiyah is what traditional societies possess, but which is broken down in urbanized society over a period of time. Ibn Khaldun famously suggested that rural and tribal peoples come down from the mountains to urban areas and three generations on, as they absorb the manners and values of urban life, they lose their special quality of social cohesion and become effete and therefore vulnerable to new invasions from the hills. This cyclical, if over-simplified, pattern held for centuries up to the advent of European colonialism. Even the disruptive force of European imperialism over the last two centuries did not break the cycle.