Ibuprofen

Bronchodilator Response of Nebulized Salbutamol versus Salbutamol and Ipratropium Bromide in Adult Patients with Acute Severe Asthma

The type of treatment chosen depends on the type of arthritis and the effects it has on the patient as well as the severity of the disease. Other factors to consider are the age of the patient and the joints affected. Bearing in mind that different people exhibit different reactions to different medications, treatment in this case is individualized but includes a combination of joint protection methods and medication. For rheumatoid arthritis, the Initial treatment starts with non steroidal ant inflammatory drugs and other simple analgesic but as the inflammation progresses, slow acting anti rheumatoid drugs which are aimed at modifying the disease are introduced. They are added progressively as the inflammation progresses in order to suppress the process that leads to chronic inflammation (Amin 1995).

My coworker had a 40-year-old patient who came to the hospital for alcohol withdrawal. All the nurses on our floor knew him really well because he visits our hospital frequently. At around 7:30 pm, our telemetry showed that the patient was having a heart rate of 180s to190s. We all were still getting report. Charge nurse went to assess the patient, patient started yelling in a loud voice, throwing pillows and a blanket. It turned out that the patient went to the delirium tremens (DT) phase. He was confused, disoriented, hallucinating, agitated, irritated and had muscle tremor. When reviewing the medication administration record (MAR), charge nurse noticed that CIWA scale was not done as ordered and as a result patient did not get enough Lorazepam

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are a common class of analgesic typically used chronically for pain such as musculoskeletal pain including osteoarthritis. It is commonly used in the elderly population.

How would you like to meet the most expensive drug dealer in the world? There are thousands of them. They live in your town, they work with you, and can live right next door, your own primary doctor. Some people are not aware how wide spread drug addiction is. Most drugs come from our primary doctor. Prescription pain medication are the number one cause of addiction. There are three ways to help with the prevention of pain medication addiction, through education, monitoring, and enforcement.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the foundation of medical treatment for osteoarthritis (OA). It is the most common medication taken by an individual experiencing pain due to this degenerative joint disease. Not to mention, NSAIDS are prescribed for pain management in older adults since they are more efficacious than acetaminophen with the absence of central nervous system side effects of opioids

It is very important to follow your doctor’s directions and the directions on the medicine label.” The signs and symptoms of liver damage are hard to recognize right away because they appear over time. The early symptoms of liver damage such as loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting can be easily mistaken for other illnesses such as the flu. According to the United States FDA, liver damage can develop into liver failure or death over several days (U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Acetaminophen is an non-opioid analgesic while ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). Acetaminophen is an equipotent inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2, while ibuprofen is more selective for cyclooxygenase 1 than 2.

People that are dependent on over the counter drugs usually up their dosages 30-60 more tablets a day. These high dosages of the most common drugs like ibuprofen or paracetamol can cause serious problems and in some cases even death. Other effects include; ulcers in the upper gastrointestinal tract, renal failure, large bowel strictures, severe hypoalaemia, anaemia and liver

You see on characters on TV shows and movies, and even real life, that struggle with addictions. Most of the time when you hear the term “drug addict” you automatically think of street drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, or LSD. Not too often do you hear a storyline of someone addicted to painkillers, but the reality of that type of abuse if very real. It has been said that an estimated 2.4 million Americans abused prescription painkillers in a year. This addiction has to have a starting point. A patient could go to the doctor because of a toothache. The doctor then may write a prescription for a simple prescription painkiller. That medication may have a side effect of a relaxing feeling, therefore when the patient experienced this they decided they wanted to have that feeling more. Eventually they will

NSAIDs side effects can differ in individuals. Long use of NSAIDs cause serious side effects. For example, the development of peptic ulcers in the gut. Peptic ulcers occur due to the Cox enzyme being obstructed by the NSAIDs. This obstruction leads to unpleasant results. One benefit of the COX enzyme being obstructed is that it inhibits prostaglandins forming. However, prostaglandins act as a defence mechanism for the lining of the stomach protecting them from stomach acid. Gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent side effects associated with taking NSAIDs. These side effects include diarrhoea, constipation, heart burn, stomach pain and nausea. In cases of taking NSAIDs such as Naproxen, this could affect the lining of the stomach, it could

(Fruchter, Alexopoulou, & Lau, 2011). Acetaminophen, commonly known under its name-brand: Tylenol©, can cause for drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) when it is combined with other drugs, such as alcohol. (Fruchter, Alexopoulou, & Lau, 2011). However, within the past few decades, there have been very few reports of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). (Fruchter, Alexopoulou, & Lau, 2011). Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is usually caused by the ingestion of two or more drugs. (Fruchter, Alexopoulou, & Lau, 2011). There are two main drugs that are commonly associated with drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN): antimicrobials and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). (Fruchter, Alexopoulou, & Lau, 2011). However, the number of drugs that are associated with drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) keep rising annually. (Fruchter, Alexopoulou, & Lau, 2011). Fruchter, Alexopoulou, and Lau (2011) states, “Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) represents a common cause of renal injury in today’s medical practice.”(p.1). The quote shows that renal(kidney) injury has been one of the main problems that results from drug-induced acute

Chen and Dragoo (2013) argue that minimal information exists concerning the administration of NSAIDs after injury and surgery. They point out that tissue healing needs many physiological routes. The authors restate that injuries like high tibial osteotomies and bone-tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction necessitate bone-union, whereas rotator cuff repairs, and labral repairs, and hamstring ACL surgeries rely on soft tissue-to-bone therapy. The authors pointed out that soft tissue healing is needed for extensive injuries like MCL tears and subsequent meniscal and Achilles tendon reconstructions (Chen & Dragoo, 2013). The administration of NSAIDs in orthopedic operation is contentious and a topic of ongoing

Corticosteroids are man-made drugs that resemble a natural hormone called cortisol. Cortisol which is known as a stress hormone. Corticosteroids work to decrease inflammation that could causes swelling and pain .They can be taken by injecting them to the specific area that hurts or systemically through a pill or intravenously(Iv drip). The side effects of taking corticosteroids can be long term they include weight gain, sudden mood swings, blurred vision, osteoporosis and high blood pressure. The most common types are cortisone, prednisone and methylprednisolone. (Wilson, 2015)

Although paracetamol was used clinically for the first time by Joseph von Mering in 1883 and it has been commercialized since 1953, its mechanism has not been discovered yet. However, paracetamol is the most used drug to fight fever and pain currently due to its antipyretic and analgesic properties. The aim of the experiment is the production of paracetamol by formation of an amide bound between the amine group of p-aminophenol and the carbonyl group of acetic anhydride. Furthermore, drugs used in humans must pass Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) in order to ensure the purity of the substance. In the current experiment, methods such as melting point range analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and NMR spectrometry will be used in order to assess the purity level of the synthetized paracetamol.