Essay on Ic02 Causes and Spread of Infection

Steeve & Mallison (1975) stated hand hygiene has often been singled out as the most important procedure in preventing infection. Guidelines from national and international infection prevention and control organizations acknowledged that hand washing is the single most important procedure for preventing infections (Ganner and Favero,1985).

Poor hand hygiene - spread of germs from one patient to another or spread for hands to surfaces.

Own personal hygine = 1, Always wash hands after using toilet and before preparing food 2, cover your face when sneezing with a tissue , 3 cover any cuts with blue plasters, 4 stay away from work when you are sick with any thing contagious.

Gnotobiotic life is a life without the existence of microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, and archaea.

2 Only 1 bacterial cell is needed to start a colony. The cells use binary fission to divide, the microbes' DNA splits to form a new cell and this process repeats until there are billions of cells.

One of the most important ways to prevent communicable diseases is washing your hands. Your hands touch a lot of different things every day, and all of those things have no doubt been touched by a hundred other things covered in germs from all the things those things have touched! Washing with soap and warm water is extremely helpful

The distinction was made from Prokaryotes Bacteria and Archaea which are classified different to the domain of the Eukaryotes and there four kingdoms (animals, plants, protists and fungi). The Prokaryotes meaning comes for the Greek word meaning (pro) “before” and (karyon) meaning “nut or kernel” Most of the prokaryotes can be seen as a unicellular organisms although the myxobacteria have been seen in different stages in their life cycles like in colonies of cyanobacteria. (Also call blue green algae) Which are predominantly photosynthetic and also fall into prokaryotes Eubacteria kingdom. Although you can find some Algae as Eukaryotes domain. Like most algae’s that are photosynthetic can produce oxygen gas as a by-product. Theorists have proposed that this could have been the link to change the early atmosphere on earth into and oxidizing one that enabled the stimulation of the biodiversity of life that we see today.

The four ways a disease is spread are direct /indirect contact with another human being or a contaminated object, germs landing on another person when somebody coughs or sneezes, germs spreading on air currents, and after a child or adult touches contaminated blood or body liquids. After being exposed through these transmissions, the youngster or adult experiences mild to severe symptoms because their immune system is trying to fight back against the sickness that has entered the body. If there is no attempt at treatment and the symptoms become life-threatening, the youth or grown-up can die in a short time or suffer life-changing disabilities, depending on what illness they have received and how long it went untreated. Every type of illness

Viruses are small infectious agents that replicate inside the living cells of an organism. Several thousand viruses have been described in detail since they were first discovered in the late 1800s, though millions of different types are predicted to exist. There is debate in the scientific community about whether viruses are living organisms or simply organic structures that interact with them, as they resemble organisms in many ways but do not have their own metabolism and cannot naturally reproduce outside a host cell. Virus particles, or virions, consist of two main parts: genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA, which may be single- or double-stranded, and a protein coat, or capsid, that encapsulates and protects those genes. To reproduce, a virion will attach to a specific host cell and inject its genetic material into the cytoplasm in a process known as transduction.

KINGDOM EUBACTERIA: They are unicellular prokaryotes. Most of the bacteria (Germs) that affect your life are members of the Kingdom Eubacteria.

The disease spreads from person to person through the air. By droplets from the nose and mouth of a person who has the disease germs. People can spread the disease before they show signs of being ill.

There are things you can do everyday to stop the spread of germs. The easiest and most effective way of preventing germs from spreading is to simply wash hands with soap and water or use hand sanitizer. Doctors recommend sanitizing hands every time you cough or sneeze, before you sit down to eat food, after using the restroom, after touching things that might have germs on them like door knobs or door handles, and after playing outside in a public playground or

comprises a single cell (unicellular), cell clusters or multicellular relatively complex organisms. They are small living forms of life, which we cannot see with the naked eye. Bacteria, yeast and molds are three types of microorganisms. Some people often confuse, and almost always misunderstand, their functions, but they are just as real and alive as you are. They eat and grow. They reproduce and die.

Fungi are a group of organisms that receive nutrition by absorbing it directly from the environment into cells. All fungi are eukaryotic, which means they possess membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, vacuoles and nuclei for example. Some fungi consist of a single cell, similarly to bacterial cells, but the majority are multicellular, consisting of many cells. A multicellular fungus is composed of rapid-growing filaments called hyphae, which are in close contact with the environment, easing the process of absorbing nutrients. Both sexual and asexual reproduction occur in fungi cells. Their interactions with other organisms are either to form beneficial associations, as to share nutrients or help provide nutrients and things that the organisms need to survive, or by causing infections and feeding off of a host to survive and reproduce.

Bacteria - Bacteria are one-celled organisms that live on their own. They can multiply and reproduce by subdivision