Icas Class Notes

correct staff payments , legislative requirements accurate invoicing ,correct production recording , accurate stock holdings ,re-order level monitoring , audit requirements

Appendix A.2 also lists several factors that could provide opportunities for management/employees to commit fraud. One factor that could lead to fraud is if, “There is ineffective monitoring of management as a result of: domination of management by a single person or small group without compensating controls.” The auditors should have taken notice of the lack of controls and segregation of duties with respect to Phar-Mor’s

If board of directors decides to rectify previous frauds, they would investigate into the event, take appropriate legal action against people involved and disclose previous frauds with the previous and current year financial statements. If they decide to cover-up their fraudulent practices; they may warn me to stay out of this business or threaten to dismiss me. Both decisions would have differing effects on external stakeholders.

Professional auditing standards discuss the three key “conditions” that are typically present when a financial fraud occurs and identify a lengthy list of “fraud risk factors.”

Don’t forget to keep updating your learner tracking sheet with the dates and times you have spent working on this unit as you will need to send me this completed document when you have fully completed your course.

Please note that this Assessment document has 12 pages and is made up of 5 Sections.

The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a USB drive

2 Managing fraud risk: The audit committee perspective Fraud in a fi nancial statement audit

1. The transfer of tissue or an organ between two people who are not related is called?

• The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate (Louwers & Reynolds, 2007). We believe that the audit evidence obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Fraudulent, erroneous, and illegal acts committed by a public company, usually at a managerial or executive level, have been a very serious problem for many years and have prompted development of strict and updated regulations, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in an attempt to prevent these occurrences. Unfortunately, these new or updated regulations are not enough to prevent these acts from happening, thus not alleviating the auditors of their responsibility to detect fraud. Some methods that management and auditors can employ to prevent and detect fraud, errors, and illegal acts are: improving knowledge, improving skills,

Following the risk assessment procedures, substantive procedures are designed and conducted to detect material misstatements of relevant assertions. Substantive procedures include analytical procedures and tests of details. Analytical procedures involve evaluations of financial statement information by a study of relationships among financial and nonfinancial data. Tests of details may be divided into three types. One test is the test of account balances to address whether there are misstatements in the ending balance of an account. In the case of Crazy Eddie, auditors should have put greater attention to inventory and accounts payable accounts. The second test is a test of classes of transactions to determine whether particular types of transactions have been properly accounted for during the period. Crazy Eddies fraudulently classified these transshipping transactions as retail sales to inflate its sales revenue and continue growth at existing stores. A key ratio for retailers is to compare growth in existing stores to growth from new stores. The third and final test is a test of disclosures to evaluate whether financial statement disclosures are properly presented. Crazy Eddie prepared bogus debit memos of over $20 million to understate accounts payable.

Rittenburg, Larry. Johnstone, Karla. Gramling, Audrey. (2012) Auditing: A Business Risk Approach 8e. Mason: South-Western, Cengage Learning.

This report is prepared for the use of the board of ZZZ Bank Plc. The report highlights key issues that need to be address in relation to: