Icu Case Study

Another important intervention was to maintain the head of the bed at 30-45 degrees and position L.M.’s left lung into a dependent position to improve ventilation and perfusion. L.M.’s O2 was decreased to 63 and her CO2 was increased to 50. According to the IHI, it is recommended to elevate the bed to 30- 45 degrees to improve ventilation. Patients that lay in the supine position have lower spontaneous tidal volumes on pressure support ventilation compared to those laying at more of an angle (Institute for Healthcare Improvement, 2012). In regards to positioning, when the least damaged portion of the lung is placed in a dependent position it receives preferential blood flow. This redistribution of blood flow helps match ventilation and perfusion, therefore, improving gas exchange (Lough, Stacy & Urden, 2010). Implementing these interventions combined with respiratory therapy, significantly improved the blood gas values for oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.

Both rapid, shallow breathing patterns and hypoventilation effect gas exchange. Arterial blood gases will be monitored and changes discussed with provider. Alteration in PaCO2 and PaO2 levels are signs of respiratory failure. Patient’s body position will be properly aligned for optimum respiratory excursion, this promotes lung expansion and improved air exchange. Patient will be suctioned as needed to clear secretions and maintain patent airways. The expected outcome is that the patient’s airway and gas exchange will be maintained as evidence by normal arterial blood gases (Herdman,

When the organs fail the only option is a transplant. With lungs there is only a 50% rate of a five year survival rate after a lung transplantation involving the end-stage respiratory disease. With such a drastic survival rate a study was completed to determine if patients could have a better outcome. This study was done to help determine effective methods to enhance lung transplants before surgery; the Doctors placed the recipients on bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation (BIPAP.) “BIPAP is a noninvasive mode of ventilation administered through a tight-fitting mask to assist spontaneously breathing patients”

Ventilator - associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital acquired infection (HAI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for ventilated patients in intensive care units (Bingham, Ashley, Jong, & Swift, 2010). The VAP increases patients’ mortality rates, length of stay and hospital costs (Hiner, Kasuya, Cottingham, & Whitney, 2010). The VAP is the leading causes of death due to nosocomial infections and the

The number of urgent care clinics in the United States has exploded in the past five years. In fact, the American Academy of Urgent Care Medicine says there are currently as many as 9,300 clinics in the country. It’s very clear that this care model is growing.

BiPAP is a form of noninvasive mechanical ventilation used on patients that have acute respiratory failure. Many of these patients go on noninvasive ventilation due to COPD exacerbations that are infectious, with congestive heart failure, and ventilator parameters based on their clinical assessment and changes in arterial blood gases. Two different studies were conducted on COPD patients, using a BiPAP machine to improve exacerbations and their activities of daily living. There are many positive outcomes for using these noninvasive ventilators however when used incorrectly, negative outcomes or not changes at all are always possible.

My patient is 79-year old, male that was brought the University of Kentucky medical center emergency department via ambulance on January 14, 2017. The patient was smoking while using home oxygen, when he fell asleep. The EMS responded to a home fire.

There have been many studies documented in the literature regarding the reduction of CLABSIs. The majority of the studies have reported statistically significant decreases in CLABSI rates post-implementation of a quality improvement initiative (O‟Grady et al., 2011). Some studies used approaches in which multiple strategies have been implemented together to improve compliance with the use of evidence-based guidelines. A seminal study conducted by Pronovost et al. (2006), known as the Keystone ICU project, included a collaborative cohort of 108 ICUs within the state of Michigan. The strategies in this study included the use of five evidence-based bloodstream infection prevention practices for CVC insertions, use of a checklist to ensure adherence

while ICD-10-CM has many differences from ICD-9-CM; the new classification system does retain the traditional format and many of the same characteristics and conventions (AHIMA's 75th Anniversary National Convention and Exhibit Proceedings, 2003). Creating a data integration plan for Green Tree Healthcare starts with should be a unique code for all substantially different procedures.

Based upon the information provided, it has been determined that: the requested admission/day(s) is not/or are no longer medically necessary because: After review of the clinical information provided by North Shore University Hospital -Manhasset, the Medical Director has denied your admission to North Shore University Hospital - Manhasset. It was determined that the clinical information did not justify an inpatient stay. Acute inpatient hospitalization was not medically necessary. You are a 58 year old male, with a pre-authorized outpatient procedure on 09/02/2015 for a cardiac catheterization with an intervention, which was converted to an inpatient level of care. Based on the Interqual criteria (a decision based program to determine medical necessity) this procedure does not require an inpatient level of care, therefore, it does not meet criteria.

A. A doctor on our emergency veterinary team and support staff are available during regular business hours through the week and extended hours on Saturday and Sunday. We refer immediate care needs after hours to Allied Partners Veterinary Emergency Services in Huntington at (410) 535-9722.

According to the American Academy of Urgent Care Medicine (AACUM), the number of urgent care centers in this country has increased 14 percent to 9,300 centers since 2008. And the results of a 2013 benchmark survey from The Urgent Care Association of America (UCAA) in which 83 percent of urgent care centers experienced growth suggests these facilities aren’t just open to the public, but thriving.

The American Board of Medical Specialties [ABMS] recognizes palliative care as a medical subspecialty classified under internal medicine (ABMS, 2015). Currently, there are only 5,000 board-certified palliative care specialists in the US (Quill & Abernethy, 2013). The demand for palliative care physicians outweighs the supply. This opens the door for other medical disciplines, such as intensive care unit (ICU) doctors or anesthesia personnel to step-in and assume some care of this unique patient population. Only 75-85% of hospitals with greater than 300 beds provide palliative care services and palliative care is available in only 20% of smaller hospitals (fewer than 50 beds)(Morrision, Augustin, Souvanna, & Meier, 2011; Goldsmith, Dietrich, Du, & Morrison, 2008).

From investigation in health practices, ventilator associated pneumonia caught my attention. “Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Most episodes of VAP are thought to develop from the aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions containing potentially pathogenic organisms. Aspiration of gastric secretions may also contribute, though likely a lesser degree. Tracheal intubation interrupts the body’s anatomic and physiologic defenses against aspiration, making mechanical ventilation a major risk for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. Semi-recumbent positioning of mechanically ventilated patients may help reduce the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux and lead to a decreased incidence of VAP. The one randomized trial to date of semi- recumbent positioning shows it to be an effective method of reducing VAP. Immobility in critically ill patients leads to atelectasis and decreased clearance of bronchopulmonary secretions. The accumulation of contaminated oropharyngeal secretions above the endotracheal tube cuff may contribute to the risk of aspiration. Removing these

is Pneumonia. This is based on the patient’s subjective and objective data. The collaborative diagnosis to address this problem is Pneumonia r/t immobilization; r/t pleural effusion, and r/t debilitation (Carpenito, 2013, p. 859-860). The nursing goal for this patient on the day of care is to control and reduce the complication of pneumonia (Carpenito, 2012, p. 860). The nurse will monitor the patient’s respiratory status while assessing for sign and symptoms of infection, and inflammation (Carpenito, 2012, p.