Identification Of Unknown Organisms And Two Eukaryotes

See Table 1 and Flow Chart 1 for results of Bacteria # 1 and Table 2 and Flow Chart 2 for results of Bacteria # 2.

The Kingdom Eubacteria (true bacteria) was once placed as a phylum under the Kingdom Monera. Today, due to the acknowledged differences, the Kingdom Monera was split into two different Domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The Domain Bacteria (Kingdom Eubacteria) consists of prokaryotic organisms that can survive in a wide range of moderate environments. Bacteria are often portrayed as the villains in society - our main focus being the pathogenic bacteria (disease-causing). However many bacteria are not only beneficial for humans, but are necessary for life. For example, bacteria in our digestive system help us to break down food, like plant fibers, that we’re unable to properly do ourselves. Escherichia coli (E.coli), found in the human intestines,

By the end of the 20th century, Thomas Cavalier-Smith, after a long and intense study of protists, he created a new system with 6 kingdoms. Bacteria and Archaea were combined so they were in the same in the same kingdom, called Bacteria. Protists were divided in two kingdoms, (1) Chromista, including Alveolates (parasitic protozoa), brown algae, water moulds, golden algae, etc, among others. and (2) Protozoa, including amoebas, slime moulds, and a set of protozoa called Excavata. Red and green algae were shifted to inside the kingdom Plantae.

A eukaryote is any organism whose cells have a nucleus and different organelles enclosed within the membranes. There are three distinct domain of organisms of nature which are bacteria, archaea, and Eukarya. Eukarya are eukaryotic cells that have membranes that are made out of unbranched unsaturated fat chains joined to glycerol by ester linkages. Not all of Eukarya have a cell wall, but the ones that do have a cell wall contains no peptidoglycan. The domain Eukarya has been partitioned into four supergroups, which are Archaeplastida, Alveolata, Excavata, and Unikonta. Human pathogens are found in Alveolata, Excavata,and Unikonta. “Excavata are unicellular species that usually have a feeding groove on one side of the cell and possess one or

One of the structures of prokatyotic cells are Flagella. They are genetically unique and are used as a point of identification of bacterium. Flagella are structures attached to the cell surface for most motile bacteria and are composed of protein. A bacterium can detect the quality and quantity of certain chemicals in its environment and either swim towards or away from it if nourishment or threat is detected, as the case may be. This has been seen as evidence of the ecological survival advantage of bacterial and other prokaryotes (Structure and Function of Bacterial Cells. n.d.)

In 1969 Whittaker organized a system in which five kingdoms were developed. Three of these kingdoms were added to animals and plants: Bacteria, Protista, and Fungi. Whittaker defined these kingdoms with a number of characteristics, whether the organisms possessed a nucleus (eukaryotic) or no nucleus (prokaryotic). Because bacteria are prokaryotic and virtually are all are unicellular, they are different from the other four eukaryotic. Most of the other eukaryotic unicellular organisms were placed into the kingdom Protista.

Although with biologists learning to understand the system, another category was added known as Domain- this was categorized above Kingdom. This is because biologists recognized the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, which were once part of the five kingdoms alongside plantar, animalia and fungi. However having them part of the Kingdom category proved to be difficult. Thus the inclusion of three domains occurred - bacteria, archaea and eukarya. The domain bacteria consists of commonly known prokaryotes, whereas the domain archaea too contains prokaryotes but the can inhabit a range of environments. The domain eukarya consists of groups of single-celled organisms as well as plants, fungi and animals (multicellular organisms).

The term ‘prokaryote’ was coined in 1925 by Édouard Chatton in his 1925 paper ‘Pansporella perplex: Reflections on the Biology and Phylogeny of the Protozoa.’ (Chatton, 1925). Since then the term, when paired with its dichotomous counterpart ‘eukaryote’, has formed the fundamental basis for classification in biology. However in recent years the concept of the prokaryote has been wildly contested as being inaccurate (amongst other things), and the dichotomy of eukaryote/prokaryote based on a misleading and ultimately incorrect distinction that is phylogenetically contestable. This essay will examine the validity and usefulness of the concept of the prokaryote, as well as evaluate why the term or even the abolition of the term may be important in different contexts.

Cells are the basic building block of life. Cells can be either Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic cells. Organism can only contain either one but not both of them. Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller than Eukaryotic and are less complex. Bacteria are made up of one or more prokaryotic cells. Bacteria are made up of one or more prokaryotic cells. While Eukaryotic cell are found inside plant and animal life. Eukaryotic are more advanced and larger. Prokaryotic cell were the first to live on earth they appeared around 3.5 billion year ago and the Eukaryotic appear around 2.1 billion year after (Campbell Essential Biology, 2012).

Bacteria are single celled microbes with a simple cell structure. They do not contain a nucleus or membrane, instead their control centre is contained in a single loop of DNA. Some types of bacteria have the ability to become resistant to certain antibiotics. Bacteria can be found virtually anywhere and everywhere. They are in the air, soil and water and all over plants and animals, including us. “Each square centimetre of your skin averages about 100,000 bacteria, and there are over 500 different species in the human mouth” (Spectrum Science Communications, 2015). Bacteria are classified

Protozoa are single celled and commonly associated with animals. The four main groups of Protozoa are the ciliates, the flagellates, the sarcodina and the apicomplexans. They are named like that because they behave like microscopic animals, they hunt and feed on other microbes for their food source. Protozoa usually doesn't hurt humans however this microbe has one of the deadliest disease in the world Malaria, Malaria claims more than 800,000

When I first got the assignment, I had little knowledge what archaea and bacteria are. But throughout the research, I learned about their characteristics, structure, differences and the way they exist. Both of them hugely impact our life, and are able to think, communicate with each other and control your mind (in a sense that there is intelligence in the way they operate and function). Throughout this paper, I will try to give a brief profile of these two microorganisms.

There are three main domains of life, which consist of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryote. These complex cells have various characteristics that are all unique to each domain, thus causing a separation. However, as biologists such as Carl Woese and Lynn Margulis have theorized and explained, Bacteria and Eukaryotes have all branched from a common ancestor millions of years ago; and a few decades back, Archaea were added creating the third domain. Although these domains are all unique with regards to their processes, proteins, and properties, the one of the most studied cells are that of the domain, bacteria. Bacteria are extremely unique in regards to their structures, processes, and characteristics. An example of unique bacteria is the microorganism, Flavobacterium Capsulatum.

Barophiles:- these are also known as Peizophiles. These are the organisms which can survive at sites having very high pressure such as in deep sea. Example: Xenophyophores sp., Halomonas salaria etc.

Biodiversity is also known as the biological diversity. Biodiversity refers to all kinds of organism that can be found in a particular area.it includes a variety of plants, animals, fungi and other living things. Biodiversity of an ecosystem, is a community of animals, plants, and living things in relationship to their environment, which can be physical or chemical. Microbial diversity can be defined as the different kinds of microorganism which includes bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protists. The study of microorganism is important because they play a large role in thce environment. Although microorganism are not well known, which might be due to their small size, and the hardship of recognizing them. Particularly bacteria and other prokaryotic organisms. Only 3100 bacteria are recognized in Bergey’s manual out of 300000 to 1000000 species of prokaryotes that is on earth. Bacteria although mostly thought of has been harmful can also be useful. Some microbes help in immune system regulation, digestion, and vitamin production.” (7). They are also helpful in some of the cycles that take place, like the nitrogen fixation, nitrification and nitrate reduction. They control what the atmosphere is made of and also,