Identification of Unknown Ketones Essay

The objective of this lab was to create a ketone through an oxidation reaction using a using a secondary alcohol and oxidizing agent in order to use that ketone in a reduction reaction with a specific reducing agent to determine the affect of that reducing agent on the diastereoselectivity of the product. In the first part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol was reacted with NaOCl, an oxidizing agent, and acetic acid to form 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone. In the second part of this experiment, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone was reacted with a reducing agent, either NaBH4 in EtOH or Al(OiPr)3 in iPrOH, to form the product 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the cis:trans ratio of the OH relative to the tert-butyl group in the product formed from the reduction reaction with each reducing agent. Thin-layer chromatography was used in both the oxidation and reduction steps to ensure that each reaction ran to completion.

The primary goal of this laboratory is to correctly identify an unknown substance. To achieve this task, one may use various tests that reveal both chemical and physical properties of a substance. By comparing the results of a known substance and the unknown substance, one may eliminate alternative possibilities and more accurately predict the undisclosed compound. Furthermore, by performing these tests, data can be collected and verified regarding chemical and physical properties of the unknown. Understanding the chemical properties of a known substance aids one’s understanding of the unknown based on comparative analysis of the results of the tests.

Introduction: The fundamental techniques of organic chemistry lab, commonly known as SIPCAn, include separation, isolation, purification, characterization, and analysis (1). Through SIPCAn, students learn the fundamental techniques of organic chemistry laboratory. Mastering these techniques are necessary in order to perform more complicated experiments and to carry out organic reactions and synthesis. The information gained from SIPCAn included boiling point, melting point, and density can be used to identify unknown compounds. Simple distillation was used to purify a compound by separating it from a

After 10 minutes the reaction liquid was separated from the solid using a vacuum filtration system and toluene. The product was stored and dried until week 2 of the experiment. The product was weighed to be 0.31 g. Percent yield was calculated to be 38.75%. IR spectra data was conducted for the two starting materials and of the product. Melting point determination was performed on the product and proton NMR spectrum was given. The IR spectrum revealed peaks at 1720 cm-1, which indicated the presence of a lactone group, and 1730 cm-1, representing a functional group of a carboxylic acid (C=O), and 3300cm-1, indicating the presence of an alcohol group (O-H). All three peaks correspond with the desired product. A second TLC using the same mobile and stationary phase as the first was performed and revealed Rf Values of 0.17 and 0.43for the product. The first value was unique to the product indicating that the Diels-Alder reaction was successful. The other Rf value of 0.43 matched that of maleic anhydride indicating some

In this experiment, the reduction of a ketone to an alcohol using sodium borohydride was demonstrated. When the solution turned from yellow to colorless, sulfuric acid was added and the solution was set under reflux to allow for the complete dissolution of the solids. After cooling, the product was then isolated using vacuum filtration before mixed solvent recrystallization was used on it. An infrared (IR) spectra was obtained for the product along with the melting point and weight. The weight was further used to calculate the percent yield.

The objective of this lab was to use qualitative and quantitative measurements and observations to properly identify, and then confirm the identity of an unknown compound. After identification, the compound would have to be synthesized, in our case, through an acid-base reaction, followed by confirming its identity with the original unknown compound.

In the first part of the experiment (identifying the chemical makeup of the unknown compound

Identifying an unknown substance can be accomplished with the use of multiple scientific tests, which help narrow down the possibilities of the unknown compound. The unknown substance that I was given was unknown number A84841BIR, and posed to be a real challenge since I needed to test two different molecular combinations for this specific substance. Once the number of moles in substance was calculated using the ideal gas law, I divided it from the sample mass number after heating and obtained that the molarity of my unknown chemical was 58.93 g/mol. To find my molecular formula I calculated the mass of each element, then the moles, lastly I took the smallest whole-number ratio. Using the molarity calculated I was able to do some research to get a better understanding about what my unknown chemical could possibly be. Once I’ve collected all my data together and strenuously researched the web for articles relating to understanding Infa-Red spectroscopy, I should be able to make an educated guess upon what my unknown solution could be.

Identifying this organic acid was an extensive task that involved several different experiments. Firstly, the melting point had to be determined. Since melting point can be determined to an almost exact degree, finding a close melting point of the specific unknown can accurately point to the identification of the acid. In this case the best melting point

In this experiment, the main objective was to synthesize a ketone from borneol via an oxidation reaction and secondly, to produce a secondary alcohol from camphor via a reduction reaction. Therefore, the hypothesis of this lab is that camphor will be produced in the oxidation reaction and isoborneol will be the product of the reduction reaction because of steric hindrance. For the oxidation step, a reflux will be done and then a microscale reflux for the reduction step. The products will be confirmed using Infrared spectroscopy, the chromic acid test, 2,4-DNP test and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results of this

The molecular relationships consists of the bonding vibrations between specific elements. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen bonds are commonly witnessed in IR spectra. The focus on the bonding vibrations associated with these elements leads to IR’s use in organic chemistry. A key use of IR spectra is to determine functional groups within compounds and also to verify compound purity. For this experiment, the IR spectra will be used to determine plausible functional groups that exists in the samples. These functional groups will be verified or disregarded by the MS spectra ion fragment weights and the spectra produced by Hydrogen-1 and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The guiding question of this ADI lab was, “What are the identities of the unknown compounds?” The goal of this lab was to understand the relationships between moles and molar mass to find the identity of unknown compounds. The mole can be used to measure small amounts of a substance or is used to convert from unit to unit using dimensional analysis. One mole is equivalent to the molar mass in grams of that substance. If you start with the moles of an unknown substance, multiply it by a given compound’s molar mass, and then divide it by however many moles are in the compound of your choice, you will get the mass of the compound. With that answer you can then compare with mass of the compound in the bag to determine its identity. We first started

Previously, the use of mass spectrometry has played an essential role in the identification of

For this experiment, Alcohol D and Acid 2 reacted in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid, resulting in a colorless solution with brown layer on top. After washes with sodium bicarbonate and brine, the pale-yellow liquid product was dried and then distilled. Distillation resulted in two colorless fractions, the second of which had a boiling point of 69-70 ˚C. This boiling point is unrealistic for any compound obtained in this experiment, so it was not used in identifying the product. After distillation, both fractions were spectroscopically analyzed. The IR and NMR spectra obtained for both fraction were identical, meaning both fractions contained exactly the same substance. Both fractions also smelled the same, like piña colada, therefore confirming this conclusion. This outcome also meant that the amount of product synthesized was 5.7393 g.

The results from the NMR of 1-propanol showed 3 different prominent peaks with the peak at 2.2 cm-1 being the acetone. Because 1-bromopropane has three non-equivalent hydrogens it was found to represent this set of NMR data. The other product, 2-bromopropane only had 2 different types of hydrogens and would have only had 2 peaks. Further analysis of the structure of 1-bromopropane showed that the hydrogens closest the bromine group were an indication of peak A in the graph. Because of the electronegativity of the bromine, this peak was located further downfield. There were 2 neighboring hydrogens so using the n+1 rule gave the 3 peaks. Going down peak B showed the next carbon which had 5 neighboring hydrogens thus giving 6 peaks. Finally, the carbon furthest away from the bromine was found at peak C. It had 2 neighboring hydrogens and provided 3 peaks.