Identify Bacteria

There are many differents ways to identify a bacterial unknown and many different situations where identification would be beneficial. One way to identify bacterial unknowns is to perform biochemical tests. In this experiment multiple biochemical tests were done, by performing these tests on the bacterial unknown received the two different bacteria were then identified. The citrate test is done to test the ability of organisms to use citrate as a carbon source. This test uses Simmons citrate agar, the agar contains sodium citrate as the only carbon source and has bromothymol blue as the pH indicator. The organisms that use citrate as a carbon source use the enzyme to transport the citrate into the cell. The cells converts ammonium dihydrogen

The dirtiest thing you own maybe your cell phone. Imagine what touches your phone the most, probably your hands and face. Since cell phones are everywhere and have become one of the most helpful tools of our generation, they have their drawbacks. The use of cell phones happens everywhere today, one place being the hospital. From a study of phones and spreading of bacteria associated with health care associated infections, Karabay states, “Our study reveals that mobile phones may get contaminated by bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae), which cause hospital infections, and may serve as a vehicle for the spread of nosocomial pathogens” (Karabay, 2007). Touching contaminated

Infection control is a central concept to every practice of health care providers. Its main objective is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from both patients and health personnel (Martin et al., 2010). In dental clinic, infection control is a continuous concern for its professionals. They have to contact patients routinely and be exposed to their blood, saliva, dental plaque and pus that may contain infectious pathogens. It is important for the dental professionals to treat these fluids as if they are infectious and special precautions must be taken to handle them. In this essay, I will highlight the scope of infection control practices in dental clinics and the ways through which infectious microorganisms are transmitted

The Unknown Bacteria 36/Bacteria # 2 on a TSA plate was examined by the naked eye and under a dissecting microscope. Bacteria # 2 was approximately 3 - 4 mm in diameter. They were circular in form with an entire margin and a flat elevation. The colonies were rough (granular), translucent, and white brownish color with black granules. The Gram stain resulted in a Gram negative rod. After the Gram stain was completed, the bacteria were streaked on an Eosin -Methylene Blue Agar plate and an Enterotube II was inoculated.

This experiment illustrates the importance of handwashing and proves that hand washing is worth it. Since our hands are constantly coming into contact with ourselves and others, touching surfaces, grabbing objects, being sneezed into, etc., keeping our hands clean is one of the most effective, yet simple way we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. Many diseases and conditions are spread by not washing hands with soap and clean, running warm water. “The human skin is a host to anywhere between 10,000-10,000,000 bacteria per square centimeter and since health care providers come into contact with pathogenic bacteria by being engaged in patient care, hand washing can reduce the risk of spreading diseases (page 3).” The objective of the experiment is to test the effectiveness of hand washing and demonstrate normal flora. This report presents the procedures and materials for the experiment, the experiment's results, and an analysis of those results.

It is important that we have this knowledge and constantly build on it because there still isn’t any valid ground. We can say “we think this can happen” but as more studies come out we can change that thought or idea into a valid explanation. Although you can’t convince every person into believing something, having proof behind your explanation is going to be more persuasive than just stating what you’ve heard.

For many years the identification of microorganisms has been important in the world of medicine. It is essential or correct disease diagnosis in patients and for proper treatment. Knowing the correct identity and characteristics of microorganism is crucial when disease outbreaks occur in populations, also knowing how humans can benefit from microorganisms is important; many can be used in making certain foods or antibiotics.

The first result of importance was the result of the Gram stain. The observations of the unknown bacteria from the slant culture after Gram staining showed that the unknown bacteria were Gram negative bacilli (Image 1). After determining the unknown bacteria was Gram negative, an oxidase test was conducted on a sample from the slant culture. The cotton swap with the sample of bacteria did not change color when the oxidase reagent was applied, thus providing a negative result. With a negative oxidase test, further tests were conducted to determine various characteristics of the unknown bacteria. A MR-VP broth was inoculated with a sample from a slant culture of unknown bacteria. After incubation, the methyl red reagent was added to the broth, and the broth turned red, providing a positive result (Image 2). An EMB agar streak plate was inoculated with a sample from a slant culture of the unknown bacteria, and after incubation, growth was found on the plate, providing a positive result (Image 3). A Citrate agar slant was inoculated, and after incubation, growth was found on the media, providing a positive result (Image 4). A Urea agar slant was inoculated, and after incubation, the agar had changed from a peach color to a bright pink color, providing a positive result (Image 5). Using the flowchart (Figure 1) developed from the Table of Expected Results, the lab partners started at the oxidase test. Given the negative result of the oxidase test, the flowchart is

Unknown bacteria determined to be Alcaligenes faecalis because of its morphological, physiological and metabolic properties.

Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive, facultative aerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium that is widely distributed among the environment.

In this experiment, we wanted to investigate which surfaces in the school had the most bacteria, and we thought that the surfaces used more would have the most bacteria. For this experiment we used agar plates, cotton swabs and distilled water in order to see how much bacteria was on each surface. Cotton swabs were wet with distilled water and then the swabbed ws wied on a 2 inch space of the surface and twisted to cover the entire swab.once we swabbed the surface, we wiped the swab on the plate in a zigzag motion holding it upside down. The girls bathroom sink handle had 389 bacteria, and the boys bathroom by the football field had 0. We saw that places commonly used such as the bathroom sinks, door handles and railings contracted the most bacteria.

These organisms are attracted to solid, moistened surfaces. Biofilm contains a protective polysaccharide insoluble slime layer which defends it from dying. The majority of microorganisms are from main source water. For example, water coming from tap, distilled, or sterile. These waterborne pathogens, such as, Legionella, Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been linked with hospital contaminations as well as immunocompromised patients (Fotedar & Ganju, 2014). Dental units and equipment incorporate water systems to deliver water which acts as a coolant and also maintain moisture on teeth during dental procedure treatments. Narrow bore plastic or polyurethane tubing, stated as dental unit waterlines (DUWL), is the means by way water is supplied to these instruments. This tubing is approximately 1/16th inch or 2 millimeters in diameter. Water from city sources travels through roughly a 10-inch-wide channel, then to the dental office ½ inch plumbing, and lastly to the dental unit water lines of just 1/16th inch (Slonczewski, 2012). As the water approaches the DUWL, the flow greatly decreases. The amount of water stagnation because of this tight constriction as well as offices being closed over weekends encourages microbial

The urinary tract naturally flushes away bacteria that are present in the urethra. However, an abundance of bacteria present can overcome the flushing power of the urinary tract and begin to grow. There are species of non-pathogenic bacteria that inhabit the urinary tract and result in no symptoms for the individual. A problem arises when pathogenic bacteria enter the urinary tract and are not flushed away, this results in a urinary tract infection (UTI) (Foxman and Schaeffer, 2011).

Biofilm needs to be disturbed daily with tooth brushing because biofilm has a destructive side. Biofilm can be destructive by creating holes in your teeth which also known as cavities. Cavities can be caused by physically seeing the bacteria and plaque and how they react to chemicals like acid. Prevention from cavities must come from making changes to oral health that are maintained for a long time.4 Another reason the biofilm needs to be disrupted, is the chance of developing a gum disease known as gingivitis. When the biofilm begins to accumulate on the gums, they become irritated, inflamed, bleed and develop an infection.5 Teeth have roots that are attached to bone and when the biofilm goes under the gums onto the roots, the bone that holds the teeth in place starts to go away which is called periodontitis.5 As Pamela can see, biofilm can cause many problems if caution is not taken about her oral health

Attention getter statement: Toothpaste: We use toothpaste to brush our teeth everyday (hopefully). We here in America love to have white teeth and from the time we are very young, we are told by our parents and our dentists that we need to brush twice daily with fluoride in order to prevent cavities. But what if I told you that toothpaste was poisonous?