Immigration And Industrialization

An outburst in growth of America’s big city population, places of 100,000 people or more jumped from about 6 million to 14 million between 1880 and 1900, cities had become a world of newcomers (551). America evolved into a land of factories, corporate enterprise, and industrial worker and, the surge in immigration supplied their workers. In the latter half of the 19th century, continued industrialization and urbanization sparked an increasing demand for a larger and cheaper labor force. The country's transformation from a rural agricultural society into an urban industrial nation attracted immigrants worldwide. As free land and free labor disappeared and as capitalists dominated the economy, dramatic social, political, and economic

Industrialization is defined as a process in which a society transforms itself from an agricultural based society to a more manufacturing based society for the mass production of goods and services. This change affected the lives of all people from the end of the Civil War through the 1870s including immigrants, skilled workers, and the wealthiest of classes.

With the growth of industry in the United States, the population of cities began to grow substantially (Tovanche Lecture). They started providing job opportunities in factories, offices, and other places as well. The cities became the main center of wealth and also poverty. A huge class of the impoverished lived in slums. Some even lived underground in the sewers, and a huge percentage of the poor came from newly arrived immigrants who were coming to America in large numbers from poor

There was also a big influx of blacks to Chicago. The numbers of blacks migrating to Chicago was tremendous. Many reasons Tuttle states are the cause for this. The major one is just blacks wanting to leave the south. They wanted to leave the segregated south in hope of a better future. They were tired of the Jim Crow laws, lynching, poor school, and constant harassment. A black said, “Anywhere north will do us”(Tuttle, 79). Another reason was jobs. In the time of war, the big manufactories trying to keep up with the needs of the military were in dire needs of people to work. There were actual labor recruiters whose job was to go out and recruit blacks to work in the factories. Moreover, when the opportunity to work opened up blacks took them in full demand. It was a way out of the south.

Immigration was a huge part of the industrial revolution, some migrated legal, some illegal. Either way, many immigrants came to the United States searching for a dream, the American dream to be precise. This leads to the question; Why did people immigrate to America? There can be many answers to this question, but some of the most important answers are: political, others economic, while yet others religious, whatever the case was, the United States became a mix of different cultures. However, the main reason for immigration was because of the “Industrial Revolution” Industrial Revolution is basically the changes in industry from the 18th century to the 19th century that started in Britain

In the early 17th century, the American Industrial Revolution sent the United States forward in social, political, and economic innovations. Soon after America had been taking strides in development, immigration became commonplace. Immigrants saw opportunities for themselves in America, and wanted to improve their lives in other impoverished countries by offering their services of any kind of labor in the United States. While immigrants contributed greatly to the Industrial Revolution, a variety of issues arose in their lives as the immigrant population climbed. Since they were willing to take any job, foreigners often provided cheap labor, which made them easy to take advantage of. Also, big businesses preferred desperate immigrants to comfortable natives, so immigrants became a hated group among Americans as well. As a result, immigration at the turn of the century was particularly different and strenuous for immigrants because they endured unhealthy and crowded living areas and endure exclusion from the U.S government and citizens. To thrive through these harsh conditions, immigrants formed communities consisting of people of their own race and culture and shaped their own culture rather than attempting to follow the Americans’ way of life.

Transportation was revolutionized along with immigration, expansion, and regional specialization. A shift from homemade goods to goods produced by factories opened up job opportunities for women. Some women became “factory girls” working in grueling conditions for little pay. Although factory/mill conditions were unpleasant, women were able to support themselves if they pleased. Factory work became extremely popular among women as traditional work in the house was devalued.

Roles of women were changing as urbanization spread, wives were in charge of the house when husband was away known as cult of domesticity, ladies worked and some even went to college. The social reform

Women were not immune to this type of unfairness. Many women went to work in textile factories or domestic services. Having women work and still being expected to raise a family had a very negative impact on the growing families. Because women were still less than men during this time, no matter what job a women was put in, she would receive less pay than a man. This inequality led to many members of the household going into work as soon as possible to help support the

Currently we have many ways of viewing the word family. People are more accepting and used to different types of families and how other people live. Starting out in the 1950s, there was a very specific way a family should be. Many people still view this as family but as time went on, many people have changed their views on family. Going through each decade, there is a different way to picture what is considered to be “normal” family life.

The improvements in transportation and technology, gave way to the transition from home production to factory, as the factory needed the new technology in order to make the production of products more efficient, which meant large machines that were too big to keep in a worker’s home, thus, increasing the population in cities.

People immigrated and traveled to cities for the increase of money and job from what they were making from farming. The factory work had appeared and seemed to be less strenuous than the farming work, and they looked forward to a better income and money and most satisfying lifestyle.

Women are supposed to mainly work at home in this time period. Men worked as breadwinners (people who worked to support the family). When the

According to Manacorda, Manning and Wadsworth, UK has been seen ''over the past fifteen years'' a ''huge increase'' of ''individuals coming to live and work there'' (Journal of the European economic association, P 120),

migration, a contribution to economic growth in the host country and the flow of remittances, money the migrants earn working abroad and then sending the earnings back to the family, to the home country. Yet, migration brings negative attitudes on immigrants such as “…worries that migration may reduce the job opportunities for natives and place a strain on public services…fears are exacerbated by the weak global economy, and many countries have adopted measures…to stem the flow of peoples across borders” (383). Another cause could also be due to these countries who have a large number of people that are essentially illiterate, they have barely any knowledge on family planning, and are located below the poverty line. In addition, they are unaware of the harmful effects that overpopulation can have. Not only is there a lack of family planning, but what is known as a Youth Bulge in Sub-Saharan Africa can help further explain the causes of overpopulation. This youth bulge grows as the increasing youth population in the Global South continuously faces lack of resources to provide for families and poor economic conditions. These frustrated youth can be more prone to turning to religious fundamentalism or an involvement in crime and terrorism (Kegley & Blanton 380). Developing countries have a huge increase in people between the ages of 15 and 29. Justin Yifu Lin, former World Bank Chief Economist, states, “…if a large cohort of young people cannot find employment and earn