Immunohistochemical Study

• *Describe the structure and list the functions of the various epithelial tissues, including glandular epithelium. Reference Table 5.5.

B. What can the shape of the cells in a particular type of tissue tell about the function of that tissue?

All of the incision were preformed very careful and slow. We tried not to rupture the pig, but it very difficult. The equipment that was given was handy, however, they were not comfortable in our hands. For example, the scissors were too small for our hands and the scalpel was not useful in most of the situations we encountered while dissecting. Although we did not conduct many mini experiments, we took a look at our classmates fetal pig. We watched them as they observed the fetal pig’s brain and uncovered their spinal

Throughout history, animal experimentation has played an important role in leading to new discoveries and human benefits. However, what many people tend to forget are the millions of animals that are tortured or killed during the process of these painful, deadly experiments. Many people seem to misunderstand animal nature and the laboratory procedures and techniques that are executed on the animals. The procedures are cruel, unreliable, and harmful. Luckily there are more humane alternatives that have also proved to be less expensive.

The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a common laboratory technique used to measure the concentration of an analyte (usually antibodies or antigens) in solution. In the practical anti-BSA antibodies that had undergone serial dilutions were added to a BSA solution in an ELISA plate with goal of seeing how the concentration of anti-BSA antibodies would affect the colour change of the BSA solution. The results clearly showed a direct correlation as the more diluted the anti-BSA antibody solutions became the lower the Wavelength readings at 405nm, which showed that there was less of a colour change.

Animal experimentation can be used to gain further understanding of the biology and anatomy of that creature or even humans. The notion of animals being able to serve as a model for humans was supported by Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory in 1859 (Hawkins). Even prior to this theory, however, surgery on animals became popular in ancient

The pancreas is an abdominal gland that sits behind the stomach in the upper abdomen, and produces enzymes to aid the digestion of food. Digestive enzymes are release via the pancreatic duct into the small intestine, where they are activated to help break down fats and proteins. However, if these enzymes are activated within pancreas, they digest it, causing the organ to become inflamed. The condition can be acute or chronic. Symptoms of the acute type pancreatitis include severe upper abdominal pain, which penetrates through into the back with severe nausea. The head of the pancreas may also block

The human body is a creative thing. It can do amazing things and work on its own even when we are not conscious. As a kid, we all eat and drink happily without being worried about anything but, these things start to change with our growing age. We start to look after our weight, diet, and fitness. Still, there are some things that we cannot change or control. The pancreas is one of those things that we cannot control.

Medicine has come a long way since 2750 BC when Egyptians performed basic forms of surgery. Every day there are new medical discoveries and much better understanding of the potential medicine has, thanks to animal experimentation, testing and researching. Both live and deceased animals are used for commercial or scientific research or educational purposes in a range of capacities. Usually, this is for medical, veterinary and environmental research. Although, millions of animals have suffered and been burned, poisoned, crippled, and even killed for the sake of humanity and medical advancements. (“Eleven Facts”). For example, researchers conduct “stress experiments” on rats and mice

Most of the islets’ of the PRP treated group were seen closely associated with ducts. Several areas of stratification and invagination of the epithelial lining of the ducts were observed. Some areas showed small clusters of endocrine cells were closely associated with ducts and each islet cluster was encapsulated by connective tissue. Other islets appeared connecting to each other. These data could be the evident of the regenerative effect of PRP on the diabetic islets where pancreatic regeneration occurred through the proliferation of duct cells and its subsequent differentiation into new islets which was in accordance with Bonner-Weir et al., (2010). One of the most characteristic findings of this work was the appearance of scattered areas of the parenchyma which were arranged into small lobules with abundant connective tissue surrounding it. These lobules were formed of aggregates of small acini, small ducts, and numerous small islets which were separated by fibroblast like cells. Those tactics of pancreatic regeneration are also similar to

While Immunoassay testing is the most popular and cost effective way to drug test, it is not the most accurate. Cone and Menchen (1987) conducted a study involving the KDI Quik Test Drug Screen, which is a drug screen that relies on immunoassay testing alone, and has the ability to detect the use of cocaine, morphine, phencyclidine, amphetamines and other metabolites associated with illicit substances (p. 276). The study focused solely on whether the test indicated a presence of benzoylecogonine, which is the metabolite of cocaine. Overall, the results concluded that the KDI Quik Test was not an accurate test by itself and that positive or negative results would still need to be validate with further testing in a lab. Additional results from the study indicated that immunoassay testing could lead too false positives due to ill trained staff administering the test. In my professional experience, as a Certified Drug and Alcohol Counselor in the State of Delaware, this is true; there were many times when I conducted a urinalysis utilizing the immunoassay method of testing only to decipher that the results were inconclusive, which were generally as a result of the line being too light on the “dip stick”. Therefore, the urine screen would have to be sent to a lab for further testing.

Firstly, the animal studies have been a crucial component of many fields of the human’s health. With the increase of the countries’ population, these countries’ scientists are working diligently to cultivate a fabulous type of crops which are highly productive. A considerable number of experimental articles are waiting for being eaten by the experimental rats and other mammals. The largest use of animals which makes a tremendous contribution to these research organisations is usually in food and fiber production, accounting for over 5 billion vertebrates each year (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1985). These preceding examples provide a sampling of the contributions that research using animals has made to the improvement of human health such as the sulfonamides (Hubbard, 1976); the development of life-support

Through out the semester we had conducted various tests and labs, we will use the knowledge we attained from previous exercises to trace out an unknown organism as the purpose for this lab report. Following the random selection of organism number 51, I started out using the “Gram- Positive Cocci in clusters” flow chart which comes from the class lab manual. After performing a hand full of tests, I came to a conclusion that organism 51 that I had chosen was St. mitis. I noticed that this organism was streptococcus but had both an individual and a chain like arrangement. The noted streak plate colony growth was round in shape, slightly elevated, smooth in texture and translucent or partially transparent.

Physical examination involves assessment of vital signs, temperature, respiratory and pulse rate and Blood pressure. Generally, physician should observe general appearance of comfort or distress of patient, apparent state of health, state of hydration, color and nutrition status. Furthermore, it is important to match the patient’s physical appearance with the stated age. Getting to abdominal inspection and examination, physician should assess abdominal contour, scars, symmetry and dilatation of the veins. The movement of the abdominal walls in relation to respiration are also essential

The experimental protocol was approved by the animal ethics committee of Guangxi Medical University (China, Nanning) and conformed to NIH guidelines.