Imogene King Research Paper

Equating status with authority can be misleading or misconstrued by other nurses who have the same status as to the authority figure. For an organization or department to work harmoniously, timely, and chaos free, there should be a clear understanding of who is the authority figure even when the nurses have the same status. “Essentially, in the formal organization, the emphasis is on organizational positions and formal power. Through departmentalization and work division, provides a framework for defining managerial authority, responsibility, and accountability. In a well-defined formal structure, roles and functions are defined and systematically arranged, different people have differing roles, and rank and hierarchy are evident.” (Marquis

King’s Theory of Goal Attainment was proposed in the 1960s and published in 1981. It was derived from her conceptual system which presented in 1968, and incorporates the concept of self, perception, growth, development, time, interaction, communication, role, and coping. The Theory of Goal Attainment is a practice methodology based on the nurse and patient setting goals together, and the nurse assisting the patient to meet these goals they set for their health (Caceres, 2015). These interactions between the nurse and patient are the process in which the professional relationship develops, mutual goals are set, and actions are planned to achieve these goals. It is an interaction-transaction process and is based on the nursing

Primarily in nursing, we place emphasis in collecting and interpreting data from the patient by assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating, also known as the nursing process. This process explains the underlying focus of King’s goal attainment theory, and her implications for its use in nursing practice (Kearney- Nunnery, 2012, p.41-43). In assessing a patient, the perception of the nurse and client are created by each other’s assumptions or from gathering information through interactions (Kearney- Nunnery, 2012, p.41). The planning phase is the decision-making phase; it is used to set goals that the patient and nurse equally agree upon (Kearney- Nunnery, 2012, p.41). The implementation period is where transactions occur (Kearney- Nunnery, 2012, p.43), and King defines transactions as being unique because it is formed by the perceptions of both nurse and patient, it expresses both verbal and none verbal communication, and it must occur within the dyad for the set goal to be attained (King, 1981, p. 80-81). Lastly, through evaluation, goal attainment is conveyed by the patient’s health status and their ability to function in social roles (Kearney- Nunnery, 2012, p.43). When the goal is not met, the process is

It is also influenced by a client-specific perspective of the goal of nursing practice ("Human Becoming Theory", 2011).

Imogene King’s conceptual theory is one of the influential modern day theory in nursing. King describe her theory as three systems dimensional of her interacting framework system. The three systems she described are the personal system, interpersonal system, and the social system. Each of these systems plays a very important role when it comes to the relationship that is built with the patient. Imogene King describes the personal system as a way of understanding human, in general, such as perception, space, growth, body image, these are a few things the nurse must take into consideration when caring for a patient. The next system that King describe is the interpersonal system, in this system, communication plays a major role. It is important that the nurse and the patient establish a good communication between each other. It is also important that the nurse and the patient identify the role that each of them will play so as to establish the behavior that is expected of them (George, 2011). It is also important that the nurse and the patient develop a good interaction between each other so as to establish mutual respect. In this system, King also talks about the process of coping and dealing with stress. The final system that King described is the social system, in this system, she spoke about the importance of how the nurse interacts with coworkers such as supervisor, personal care assistance, charge nurse, head nurse, team leader. She also takes

Within the health care environment, nurses are the cornerstone of assessing infant growth and development. Generally, assessment of infant focuses on 4 areas: physical, social, emotional, and cognitive capabilities. Examples of physical assessment include gross and fine motor skills as well as strength, how easily an infant becomes tired, and pain tolerance. Social assessment is determined by interactions with others. Examples of emotional assessment include how the infant reacts to people and situations, and examples of cognitive assessment include thought and reasoning. It is important for the nurse who is conducting the assessment to establish a good rapport with the family. Good rapport will form a

Healthcare organizations deliver care to patients, and follow a chain of command with hierarchy, authority, and responsibility, but also each nurse manage patients and take decisions. There is a well stablish relationship between supervisor and staff because many time the supervisor is a nurse. The healthcare organizations make arrangements for the work groups within the organization and how they relate to other within the organization. There are clear chains of command on the healthcare organizations. The type of organization is a functional type because employees are grouped in departments by specialty and all nursing task follow under nursing services.

Concepts for understanding personal systems are perception, self, growth and development, body image, learning, time, personal space, and coping. (Frey, M. A. (2006) Individual system focuses on one persons ability to function as a single force with the available resources. In life whether it is personal or professional situation being

Roper (1980) makes it clear that nursing is concentrated on helping people to cope and adjust with problems. The ongoing assessment of a patient can determine whether a patient 's dependence or independence is affected when carrying out activities. Alexander et al (2003) suggest that assessment should be used as a framework when in a practice setting. Wright (1990) agrees by stating that assessment is a helpful tool.

The nursing system theory describes the system design and product of nursing care (Banfield, 2011). It directs methods of helping and the degree of assistance nurses should give based on the self-care limitations of the patient (Ransom, 2008). Ransom (2008) states that nursing agency is involved with the social, interpersonal, and technologic operations that are reinforced when nurses and patients work together. This refers to the nurse’s capability to design and produce nursing systems so that nursing outcomes are reached. This concept links nursing practice and nursing science. It is also an important element in the nursing system theory and it describes the structure and content of nursing practice (Banfield, 2011).

Photography is the art of light. Through photography people express feelings and emotions, or hide meanings that cannot be described in words. Imogen Cunningham was an American photographer who was best-known for her plant life portraits.

Imogene King developed her theory in 1960 while working as a professor at Loyola University. It describes a dynamic, interpersonal relationship in which a patient grows and develops to attain certain life goals (Petiprin 2016). She was challenged by one of her fellow associates to look at nursing on a theory level, rather than nursing as a system. Imogene gladly accepted the challenge and started doing research. She found that patients responded better health wise with stronger nurse-patient relationships and with obtainable goals set by both parties. King even went as far as going to Japan to put her theory into practice. She received good feedback from the patients and fellow nurses on her goal attainment theory. From then on out, she went

This paper is about Imogene King and her Theory of Goal Attainment. This paper details the components of the theory as well as practical application of those components today. Goal setting and patient education are discussed in relation to King’s theory. The role of the nurse as educator is explained. The importance of King’s theory and practical application of that theory is displayed.

In the early 1960’s, King introduced her mid-range Theory of Goal Attainment. King was challenged by her Philosophy professor with the question, “How do you define the nursing act?” She pursued to answer the question and was led to reading courses that brought her to the Literature Systems Analysis and General Systems Theory. These brought on another set of questions: “What is the

1971 – Imogene King introduced the Goal Attainment System Theory. “The nurse and the client usually meet as strangers. Each brings to this meeting perceptions and judgments about the situation and the other; each acts and then reacts to the other’s action. The reactions lead to interaction, which, when effective, leads to transaction or movement toward mutually agreed on goals.” (George, 2011).