Impact Of Bullying In Childhood On Adult Health

Bullying is unwanted behavior that causes a child to feel isolated and alone. In order for an act to be considered bullying the act has to be, or be able to be repeated multiple times. Bullying can be done verbally by teasing, name-calling, taunting or inappropriate sexual comments directed at someone to purposefully upset them. Bullying can be done socially by isolating students on purpose, telling other students not to play with them, spreading rumors about students or attempting to embarrass them in public. Bullying can also be done physically by hitting, kicking, spitting, tripping, breaking property or making rude gestures. Most bullying is done during unstructured times such as recess, lunch, in the hallways, before school or after school. There is typically less adult supervision during those times. All of these things are meant to bring down the self-esteem of others. Bullying can have very serious effects on both students being bullied as well as the bully themselves.

Bullying often time begins early on in school age children. In order to understanding why children engage in bullying or become a victim of a bully, there are certain factors that need to be considered. Research has suggested that early socialization of children with others and home environment plays a role in displaying bullying behaviors and in victims of bullying. “ Children from harsh home environments engage in more bullying behaviors (as bullies and/or victims) than children from nurturing environments,” (Dake) The family is the initial model of socialization for children. If there’s a lack of unity, control or organization between the relationship of child and parents, then there is potential for children to act out by bullying other

Bullying is defined as the prolonged malicious act of harming peers by abusing their own--or an existing imbalance of--power, and has become one of the most common sources of trauma among adolescents. One report shows that one of three children were victims of bullying during some point in their life, and that 10-14% of all adolescents were victims of chronic bullying for at least six months prior to participating in the survey. Children who were victims of bullying are also found to be at a higher risk of diagnoses for anxiety disorders and depression during young and middle adulthood. These victims are reported to be more likely to have lower levels of general/physical health, and lower educational acquirements than young and middle-aged adults who were not bullied (Wolke & Lereya, 2015). Because bullying is such a prominent problem, citizens, policymakers, and social scientists alike, should feel or have some social and moral obligation to address, and hopefully avert bullying. The state of bullying, and how it is enacted, is constantly changing and adapting to social frameworks. Because bullies can adapt to social changes and regulations, we, as a society, should be equally adaptive in how we perceive, address, prevent, and punish bullying.

Childhood bullying has increased over the years. Due to the increase, there are a lot of children who suffer from bullying. Bullying experiences can lead to many health risk. Traumatic experiences often play a major role in shaping psychological functioning. (Espelage, Hong, & Mebane, 2016) gives the readers a better understanding of how childhood bullying can linger through adulthood and cause mental health risk. (Espelage 2016) was a single case study located in the Midwest that consisted of 482 college students. The students completed a survey which measured childhood bullying, and current levels of psychological functioning. While completing the survey the students were measured in six different ways. The first measure was socio-demographic (Espelage 2016), which consisted of race/ethnicity, age, gender, and grade level. Second, (Espelage 2016) implemented history of bullying victimization by using the university of Illinois victimization scale. The third measure was poly victimization, (Espelage 2016) used the adult retrospective version of the juvenile victimization questionnaire. The fourth measure aimed towards depression and anxiety; (Espelage 2016) used the brief symptom inventory-measuring psychological symptoms in community, medical, and psychiatric samples (Derogatis 1993). The fifth measure, measured post traumatic stress by using the short PTSD rating interview (Espelage 2016) (Conner & Baudson 2001). Last, (Espelage 2016) measured missing data by using a

For many years, bullying has been a major problem in many schools. Bullying is associated with serious health concerns, whether a child is the bully or the victim. Kids who are victims of bullying usually have lasting effects on their physical and mental health. This literature review describes the effects of bullying approaching the following topics:

In the article “Bullying affects mental health for years” by author Deborah Kotz, she mentions that the more bullying received the extra poor mental health a person will get. In the article Kotz mentions that those who experience bullying in a weekly basis were more likely to suffer of poor mental health. Kotz also mentions the kids that are more likely to suffer bullying are those kids with overweight, transgender, homosexual, physically disabled, or who have medical conditions such as peanut allergies or diabetes. In the article Kotz also mentions statistics from studies done before which have proven by the high percentages that bullied kids do suffer poor mental health. Kotz also discusses laws passed to prevent bullying and school which

Some reasons why children might bully someone include, thinking it might be fun or that it makes them feel popular or cool. They might feel insecure or they might have a lack of confidence or are trying to fit in with a group. In 2004 a study of bullying behaviors in 5,749 boys and girls, showed that overweight and obese school-aged children were more likely to be the victims and offenders of bullying behaviors than their normal-weight peers. Stereotypically, both male and female children report bullies making fun of the way they look, dress or talk. (Espelage, Dorothy L., and Susan M. Swearer. 2004.) However, males are more likely to report being physically harmed through punching or kicking, whereas girls are more likely to be left out,

during their development from their childhood to their early adulthood. Sourander et al. (2007) studied the association between bullying and being a victim of bullying at an early childhood age of 8 and the mental disorder impact it has later in early adulthood. Some 2,540 boys born in 1981 were selected for the study. Information regarding bullying and being victims of bullying were captured from their parents, teachers and other children at the age of 8 or in 1989. Than further information was gathered on the subject during their life at the ages of 18 and 23 thru military registry information. Based on univariate logistic regression, children that only bullied frequently showed antisocial personality, issues with substance abuse, and mental

Bullying has occurred throughout the entire history of schools. The effects of bullying can impact you and your peers. It can also affect everyone around you, including your parents, teachers, and those who you probably don’t even know. Bullying comes in many forms as well. Some examples that connects to bullying is cyber bullying, verbal bullying, physical bullying, social bullying, and sexual bullying.

To give a clear understanding of the various concepts and theories the effects of bullying and/or being bullied can have on people during their adult lifespan.

All forms of bullying are inhumane and hurt the victims as well as family members. These acts of violence carry long term effects. One way I feel that school officials can help prevent bullying is by requiring the perpetrators to have to attend mandatory counseling alone with their primary care giver. I feel that if we start holding parents accountable for their children’s actions there will be a lower chance of that child repeating the action. It will also show parents the devastation bullies victims experience, as well as help them determine the underlying cause of their actions. I also believe that the penalties for second or third offenses should be in the form of removing that individual from the setting. It may sound harsh, but why should

“Adolescent Bullying Involvement and Perceived Family, Peer and School Relations: Commonalities and Differences Across Race/Ethnicity” by Aubrey L Spriggs’ purpose is to examine the negative effects of peers and family members have on children of different ethnical backgrounds. This study focus on three in particular which are African Americans, Hispanics, and Caucasians adolescents. Spriggs uses a survey conducted by Health Behaviors in Schools- Aged Children survey in 2001 (Spriggs, 2007) which was among 11,033 adolescents ages 6-10.

Bullying has always been an issue in schools, but it has taken off with social media and it affects people anywhere they go. Bullying affects people emotionally, but many would think of a child could suffer long lasting effects of bullying. Mental health is affected as well with the way people do things and it has come down to medication to fix the effects of bullying years after they were bullied. The physical out come has become a problem more than people think or care to notice, sometimes only one person will notice. School and friendships could be affected if someone was bullied and we don’t link low grades and being alone back to bullying. We assume that it’s just the child being lazy and not smart enough to know

In the present day, numerous hours are spent discussing bullying and its mental health effects, but very little is spent on the mental issues the bullies themselves have. Historically, research into mental health related to bullying focused exclusively on those being bullied. These studies found a negative effect on mental health by being bullied, and how some people on the receiving end of bullying have mental health issues to begin with. However, a new study looked at the mental health of those who are considered bullies. Analyzing the influence mental health has on bullying verifies the association between the two, causing the need for resources to decrease bullying.

A dysfunctional family doesn’t mean the child is a bully. However, a large amount of bullies come from this category because they are in homes with little affection and openness. Parents in dysfunctional families often let their children view some type of violent behavior on tv or even within the family and friends. “Children learn from seeing what their primary caregivers do. They are very attuned and very observant about what goes on in a household,” said Dr. Nerissa Bauer. Dr. Bauer is the lead author of a study at university of Washington on the relations of violence in the home and bullying in schools. “This study supports the idea that parental violence can lead to violence between children and their peers,” added Todd Herrenkohl the co-author of the