Impact Of Pluralist Theory In South Africa

America is no longer a primarily Christian nation. This has manifested itself in a multitude of ways, including but not limited to: rampant sexual immorality, abuse of mind-altering substances, disregard for human life, and an overall hatred of the concept of authority. All of these things stem back to a faulty understanding of the Biblical concept of Salvation.

Unitarist Perspective often refers workforce as a team and frequently associated with management. This implies the idea of organization as a harmonious team or family. It often used the term we in their mission statement, suggesting that all employees has the same mind and where the organization and all the members of the staff are sharing a common purpose, emphasizing mutual cooperation(Naukrihub, 2007). Thus they set a common values, interest and objectives. It practices paternalistic approach where it requires on all employees loyalty , being primarily managerial in its emphasis and application.

Apartheid was a dark time in the history of South Africa. The African National Congress played a major role in the breaking of Apartheid. Nelson Mandela played a critical role in bringing democracy to South Africa. This paper will show how the African National Congress was involved in the Anti-Apartheid movement and how the African National Congress and Nelson Mandela Changed the country as a whole.

The Struggle for equality, Even though there were a lot of groups struggling for equality there were similarities and differences between all the groups. Black people in south african and african american were struggling for their equality. Because they didn't have the rights like white people. According to martin luther king speech he said “one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.” They were separated from white people, they didn't have their freedom. They can't eat in the same restaurant where the white people eat, they were separated from schools. They also can't get married from white women.

Protests are deeply embedded in our culture. South Africa is a democratic country because of violent protests. As demonstrated by the previous effects of such an act, the consequences of the implementation thereof and also the effects on South Africa’s economy we can see that the protests are not an act of terrorism but a South African way of crying for

This paper will be outlining the basic structure of the laws that segregated the black population of South Africa throughout the 1900’s. It will also be explaining important people involved in the dismantling of apartheid and the foreign nations that helped to influence South Africa’s government to change. However, the primary goal for this paper is to inform the reader about the reasoning behind apartheid, the events leading up to it, and how it was reformed.

In “Problems and Promise in Pluralism,” Annalee R. Ward argues for academic freedom through the lens of confessional pluralism. Ward challenges the academy to revisit pluralism to ascertain whether various denominations can have an “engagement of differences in creative ways” that allow for coexistence in scholarship” (Eck 9). Although academy insists that pluralism tugs on personal integrity, closer examination show that “authentic peaceful coexistence” is a possible outcome when approached correctly (Ward 5).

Reading over the brilliant work of Michael Walzer’s “What does it mean to be an American” I have discovered that the identity of Americans is that of a “melting pot.” We , as Americans, promote an abundance of cultures that are interconnected to make our country the amazing place it is today. Walzer believes in the diversity of America, he realizes that America’s cultural diversity is part of what makes us the best country in the world.

The avowal that the apartheid ‘vision for democracy’ necessitated state terror and repression is evident when examining the South African apartheid system between 1960 -1994. The system of apartheid spiked significant internal resistance, hence, the ideology for apartheid stems from the creation of a white state surrounded by economically interdependent and politically dependent black states, which required state terror and repression to ensure mounting resistance and international condemnation did not abolish the apartheid system. The government responded to a series of popular uprisings and protests with police brutality, which increased support for armed resistance. Detentions were set without trial, torture, censorship and the outlawing of political oppositional organizations such as The African National Congress, the Black Conscious Movement, the Azanian Peoples Organisation, The Pan Africanist Congress and the United Democratic Front, were all a result of the apartheid government due to political resistance.

Robert E. Park was a huge contributor in establishing sociology in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. His theory of assimilation was analyzing a social process and social interaction. Park argued that assimilation is inevitable in a democratic and industrial society (Healey, 2017, 50). Park strongly believed that when the American society begins to modernize, ethnic and race groups would lose importance. This theory was proven to be true in the European immigrant groups across the 20th century. Due to industrialization, the nature of work in America evolved and changed and created opportunities for upward mobility for white ethnic groups (Healey, 2017, 81). A form of upward mobility was resulted in the changes in the structure of the economy and labor market. This was called structural mobility. The descendants of European immigrants became upwardly mobile not only because of their individual ambitions and efforts but also because of the changing location or jobs and the progressively greater opportunities for education available for them (Healey, 2017, 81).

America as we see it today is a country with many different races, cultures, and religions all scattered out throughout the nation. You might not be able to tell but when you’re walking down the street there are people from all over the world that are walking around you, and not just that, there are people that may have the complete opposite religion that you have. You might not like that very well but it is a matter of America being pluralistic. In many people’s eyes America is not truly pluralistic, but the right people see that America is how you want it be. Meaning the people have to make the decision whether it is pluralistic or not, and it has not become a fact whether or not is or not yet.

Without socialization, humans would not possess the knowledge of language nor thought. James Baldwin stated in an article of the Saturday Review in 1963 that he believed “man is a social animal. He cannot exist without society.” Although man is highly dependent on and requires the presence of society for survival, society would not exist without members. While there are disadvantages to social settings, there are a large number of benefits to them as well. Numerous advantages include a higher sense of independence and individuality, a feeling of security, and an increased level of understanding and comprehension for mankind. This knowledge helps us recognize the reality of our present. We can gain insight to what humans have done in the past through studying our history. Regarding this information, we can grow and develop as a society through past behaviors by enhancing healthier lifestyles, preventing the disturbance of our environment, in addition to limiting the high number of extinctions, and more.

Pluralism is having more than one group or culture coexist in the same place. According to Mouw pluralism is just something we cope with in this world. He also said that pluralism is many-ism, because there are many different groups in this world.

Twenty years after the end apartheid in South Africa, there still stands the same Squatter town with tin sheets as roughs and the same living poor living conditions that were established in the early 19 hundrends. These Squatter towns are present throughout South Africa, all known for their different colorful characteristics, and lack of racial diversity. With “63% of black children living in households earning less than 800 rands, compared to only 4% of white children” racial inequality is enormously existent. In “South Africa 58.5% of whites and 51% of Indians enter some form of higher education, compared to only 12% of blacks.” [21 The overall lack of economic and educational opportunities for blacks in South Africa is appalling. In a nation were 80% of the population is black, one can truly see a sobering example of how powerful and lasting systematic and historical racism is, even when there is overwhelming majority in the population; that majority population can still suffer from oppression.

Many of the contemporary issues in South Africa can easily be associated with the apartheid laws which devastated the country. The people of South Africa struggle day by day to reverse “the most cruel, yet well-crafted,” horrific tactic “of social engineering.” The concept behind apartheid emerged in 1948 when the nationalist party took over government, and the all-white government enforced “racial segregation under a system of legislation” . The central issues stem from 50 years of apartheid include poverty, income inequality, land ownership rates and many other long term affects that still plague the brunt of the South African population while the small white minority still enjoy much of the wealth, most of the land and opportunities