Impact Of Terrorism On Tourism

Terrorism continues devastatingly in the United States to this day and has increasingly become a more major concern. Starting in 1886 with the Haymarket Affair, a bombing that killed 12 in Chicago, there has been an exponential increase in the amount of terrorist attacks since then. The 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center was a preface to many other terrorist attacks to follow, for example, 9/11. The destruction of this attack gave the United States a reason to fear more massacres and allowed us to increase security and protection of our nation. The biggest terrorist attack in the United States to this day is the 9/11 plane attack on the World Trade Center Towers that killed close to three thousand innocent citizens. What many people do

A terrorist attack is one of the most frightening things that one can encounter. They are unpredictable, random, senseless, and devastating. One of the largest and most well known acts of terrorism was the attack on the twin towers on September 11, 2001. During the attack close to 3,000 people were killed (September 11) and the nation of America was left in complete and utter fear. The laws and regulations passed as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 have been helpful to American society because of new safety precautions, assurance that nothing of that magnitude would ever occur again, and an overall increase of safety for American citizens.

The 1990’s were the years that the U.S. would be forever changed in the way citizens lived, and the way Americans saw a certain kind of people, the Islamic peoples. On September 11, 2001, the United States encountered one of their deadliest terrorist attacks in US history. Over 3,000 lives were taken from multiple sites; Manhattan, New York; Washington, D.C.; and Shanksville, Pennsylvania. New York had the most casualties with over 2,750 people losing their lives in both World Trade Centers after the collapse of the towers. All the planes involved in the incidents were hijacked by Islamic Terrorists who flew into the towers in NY, the Pentagon in D.C., and an open field in Pennsylvania, killing everyone on board. However, the events of 9/11 were not the first terroristic attacks on American citizens. The Oklahoma City bombing of 1995 is another incident of terroristic attacks on U.S. soil.

Terrorist attacks has changed the United States tremendously. Since 9/11 there are striker laws that have been passed, more security in known places that terrorist have targeted before. For Example, flying on an airplane or at an airport is totally different since the terrorist attack occurred. “The TSA already uses behavior detection screeners at airports to spot out terrorist and other dangerous travelers through subtle clues in the way these individuals act” (Maras, 2013, p.347). These security measures are just the beginning of how things have changed. Furthermore, citizens are now more cautions of where they go on vacation and people who supposedly look like terrorists can be frightening and bring up those memories. The victims and many

It is obvious that the attacks of 9/11 forever changed the perception of Terrorism in the United States (Bullock, J. A., Haddow, G. D., & Coppola, D. P. 2013). It will be forever embedded in the minds of millions of Americans that watched on live TV United Airlines Flight 175 crash into the south tower of the World Trade Center going approximately 590 miles per hour. The total fatality rate of that attack was 2,974. This was by far the largest terrorist attack on United States soil ever. This pales in comparison to deaths from natural disasters such as the tropical cyclone in Galveston, TX in 1900 that claimed anywhere from 6,000 to 12,000 people (History.com Staff 2009). Your odds of dying in a terrorist attack are 1 on 25 million compared

Since the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, the United States have become a serious target of terrorist extremist and have carried out attacks in the past 15 years. In recent years, mass shootings in America have occurred from people who believed in the propaganda that is sent via social media by terrorist organizations in the Middle East. Groups such as ISIL or Al Qaida have reached out to sympathizers in the United States manipulating them into believing they should either join them overseas or to carry out attacks in America. Occurrences such the shooting in San Bernardino, California of a couple of

On September 11, 2001, the Islamic extremist group, al-Qaeda, hijacked four airplanes and spreaded out against targets in the United States. “Two of the planes were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. Over 3,000 people were killed during the 9/11 terrorist attacks” (“9/11 Attack”), which caused the U.S. horrific sorrow.

Living the United State when one thinks of a terrorist attacks often their mind will first go to a larger scale attack such as the events of September 11th 2001. “September 11, 2001 changed the United States forever, the terrorist attack that day marked a dramatic escalation in a trend toward more destructive terrorist attacks which began in the 1980s. It also reflected a trend toward more indiscriminate targeting among international terrorists. The vast majority of the more than 3,000 victims of the attack were civilians. In addition, the attack represented the first known case of suicide attacks carried out by international terrorists in the United States.” (Waston, 2002) However as the years have gone by we have come to learn that terrorist attacks are not always on a large scale and that even one person who is inspired by the ideologies of a terrorist group without being directly connected to them can carry out attacks. Those that engage in this type of terrorism are referred to as lone wolf terrorist. A recent example of such an even was the mass shooting at the San Bernardino Inland Regional Center in December of 2015.

Since the terrorist attack on November 13, 2015 there have been about 100 other attacks around the world. The only difference with them is that these attacks have gotten less media attention. Besides this, they are all the same and equally as horrible. In one attack in Lahore, Pakistan more than 65 people died. These attacks don’t include all the conflict in the Middle East that results in the death of many innocent people.

In the mid 1990’s, acts of terrorism were becoming a constant theme within the United States. Attacks like the bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City on February 1993, which caused six causalities

On September 11th, 2001 the United States encountered one of the worst terrorist attacks in its history. Four planes were hijacked that day by nineteen men. Two planes were flown into the Twin Towers in New York, one was flown into the Pentagon Building located in Washington D.C. and the last one abruptly crashed down in a Pennsylvania field; it was reported that the plane was on course for the White House. The death toll for that day was nearly 3,000 people (Young, 10). Before that day the United States had limited involvement in cases involving terrorist. Since the attack of September 11th the United States has taken many safety precautions to help ensure nationwide safety and stabilize its borders.

Tourism plays a vital role in economic development in most countries around the world. The industry has not only direct economic impact, but also significant indirect and influential impacts. There is agreement among experts that the travel and tourism sector is the fastest growing of global economy. According to the latest UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, international tourism receipts surpass US$ 1 trillion in 2011, growing about 3.8%up from 2010 (WTO, 2012).

Another aspect of impact of tourism on a country’s economy is that it facilitates the expansion of the market of goods and services. Foreigners come to a country willing to spend money on different goods and services, thus increasing the amounts of sales. This is a great chance for producers and service providers to receive larger profits. This concerns not only hoteliers, tour operators, and souvenir shops owners. Public transportation, retail stores of different kind, restaurants, and cafes benefit from international tourism. Obviously, if these industries are in demand, businesses will be expanding. On the one hand, it means that more money is paid to the budget. On the other hand, profits generated by the owners are spent inside the country, affecting almost all the fields of the

Today, tourism has become a global phenomenon being widely recognized in both regional and national levels. In fact, tourism is considered as one of the fastest growing sectors in the world economy, thereby being viewed as a potential sector in raising tax revenues, providing employment opportunities as well as promoting economic diversity (Khizindar, 2012). Goeldner and Ritchie (2006) indicate that the significance of tourism has increased considerably through educational institutions such as universities as well as media, which are conduits of spreading the concept of tourism and hospitality .For instance, Saudi Arabia is one of those countries in the Middle East, which is determined to promote tourism for growth and sustainability despite belonging to those nations that have historically built their economies on oil and natural gas (Eid, 2012).

Acts of terrorism has greatly affected multiple countries, including the United States. The horrific events that took place on 9/11 left the American people shocked, devastated, and furious. Many innocent American’s lost their lives on this infamous day. While airports and airlines are not free from security breaches, a set of new security measures and requirements have been implemented by the International Air Transport Association and the International Civil Aviation Organization (Beirman, 2011). Increased security at airports and airlines, have left terrorists to target more vulnerable areas such as tourist destinations. Attacking tourists’ spots such as hotels, restaurants, nightclubs, conference venues and other forms