Impact of the Great Depression on Chile and Peru

By March 1928 the great depression started in Brazil. When the great depression started, I was 23 years old. I just turned 23 yesterday, and today I woke up to see this happening. I didn’t believe that it was happening to my country. At that moment I didn’t know what to do or what to expect happening next. So, I went outside to see what was going on and I saw people yelling and the women crying and more that can’t be explained. By December 1928 I thought about doing something to at least help. I thought talking to the people and telling them to let’s find a way to solve this problem, but this didn’t work. I didn’t know what to do at this point, so I decided to talk to them again and see what could happen. I went and talked to a group of them and some of them

With the adopting of a free market, Chile has reduced the government’s role in the economy, and many businesses run by the government were sold to private sectors. However, the government continues dialog with the private sectors through The Council on International Economic Relations; this council is made up of representatives from the private sector and the organizations involved in the creation of trade policy. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is primarily involved in the creation of trade policy, but it also includes other organizations such as the Ministries of Finance, Economy, and Agriculture. The main objective of the Council on International Economic Relations is to facilitate trade and increase exports.

Chile has a lot of iron, coal, iron ore, gold, silver, manganese, sulfur, petroleum, nitrates, and

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”- President Franklin D. Roosevelt. This words were announced to the American public by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in his Inaugural Address, where he tried to reassure the people that everything would be fine. Having just experienced the prosperous era of the Roaring Twenties, not many people thought good times would ever end. However, this proved to be incorrects as pandemonium and turmoil overcame the people in October 29, 1929 with the Stock Market Crash. With the economy sliding downhill, Americans faced many problems that would change the government’s role in the economy. Nevertheless, many actions were also taken by both individuals and groups alike in response to this economic depression.

According to Garreton, the oppositions had successfully created a political front that aggregated enough support for an alternative to the current regime. This resulted in a democratization in Chile that was also free and repressive. Chile had a pacted transition which was actor-centered. This transition to democracy was repressive in that the elections were started from the top down, only once the elites and the official agreed to hold an election was there any form of a transition. As O’Donnell described it, it is ironically non-democratic because these pacts are negotiated among small numbers of elites. It was also repressive in that once Chile was democratized it delayed truth and justice. Those that were involved in many of the atrocities did not serve jail time because of the amnesty laws. However, this transition was also free because it resulted in elections that allowed for the public to decide whether or not they were going to transition to democracy. These elections were also free in that they were inclusive and also non-violent. This then resulted in a stable democratic government that was bred through both freedom and

In Harper Lee’s famous book, To Kill a Mockingbird, she alludes to the Great Depression many times. “… the crash hit them the hardest” (Lee 27). The crash Atticus is referring to is

Unfair treatment makes discrimination evident. Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird takes place when The Great Depression occurred during the 1930’s in an Alabama small town called “Maycomb”. To Kill a Mockingbird is written in the perspective of a little girl by the name of Jean Louise Finch (Scout finch) who is a stubborn, impulsive and outspoken little girl who throughout the novel gains maturity, becomes more observant, and understanding through life alongside her father. Harper Lee’s award winning novel is focused around the social, gender, and racial discrimination and, the affect it has on the people of Maycomb.

In the United States, Nixon was in power and Nixon told his main advisor, Henry Kissinger that he wanted Allende out of power. Kissinger thought of only one way to get Allende out of power and it was to begin with the uprise of the Chilean military. Kissinger sent a cable to the CIA agents in Chile stating that the agents were to continue with their work on investigating the military coup. However, the twist was that the CIA agents was not necessary in Chile and three years later, the people of Chile are revolting against their leader. Allende nationalized copper and other industries, which froze prices and raised wages to try to stop the inflation but unfortunately, that only raised inflation more. With Allende’s reform in play, the CIA ran propaganda against Allende.

America in the 1930s was drastically different from America today. Racism was common among normal people, the great depression transformed the rich into the poor and the poor into paupers. Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird shows an interesting insight into what America was like in that time. Harper Lee expertly utilizes different elements of the novel to teach important lessons about how we should treat others. In To Kill a Mockingbird, the seemingly unimportant or insignificant characters and objects who make up the world of Maycomb actually teach the children, and us, important lessons about how to treat others.

says, “The unemployment rate, only 3.2 percent in 1929, rose to 24.9 by 1933-- more than 12.8 million people were out of work that year.” Also, in the movie To Kill a Mockingbird, the young girl in the movie, Scout, asks her father Atticus if they were as poor as some of their town friends and he replied by saying, “The Cunninghams are country folks, farmers, the crash hit them the hardest.” Both of these quotes are evidence that the times were hard for most people. The “crash” Atticus is talking about is a stock market crash that happened in late 1929. Although,

This Extended Essay will examine how American domestic politics during the Nixon Administration influenced the role of the U.S and more specifically the C.I.A in their role in the Chilean coup of 1973. Throughout this paper connections will be drawn between various corporations which had a significant stake in Chile’s industry and economy before the coup occurred and their subsequent relationships with different members of the Nixon Administration or those in places of power such as the director of the C.I.A. This paper will document just how much was at stake for various companies, and what they stood to gain or lose from a significant regime change. Furthermore, just how the C.I.A and these American corporations waged an economic war on Chile’s economy will be examined. In addition, this paper will provide an analysis on just who stood to gain the most from a regime change, the American people winning a war against communism, or the multinational corporations whose businesses in Chile could be potentially nationalized. This paper will also examine the interdepartamental differences and rifts inside the Nixon Administration itself, and help clarify whether or not these differences were based upon an ideological difference or because of their roles in rival corporations. Overall this paper will provide a broad look at just how much these large multinational corporations had an affect upon the Nixon Administration, and how much an ideological sense of responsibility was

Allende began to nationalize Chilean resources, namely copper, to break free of the United States’ control. Allende feared the United States had too much control over the Chilean economy, and wanted to restore more economic power to Chile itself. This is outlined through the dependency theory developed by famed author, Raul Prebisch. The dependency theory states that the “periphery”, a group of poor and undeveloped nations, sell their resources to the “core”, a group of wealthy nations. The core refine these raw materials into goods using factories and refinement centers unavailable to the periphery, and sell them back to the periphery at a higher rate. This ensures the cycle of poverty, only widening the wealth gap between the core and periphery. The dependency theory was in full effect in Chile before Allende started nationalizing the country’s copper resources in an attempt to break the cycle. This was not unlike Jacobo Arbenz’s attempt to nationalize land in Guatemala during the 1950’s. Arbenz was overthrown in a US-led coup in 1953. The United States did not take kindly to socialistic action, especially during the middle of the Cold War. They saw Allende’s actions as Marxist and potentially communist. The United States decided action was necessary to prevent the perceived slide from socialism to

The number one thing that society is best at is tearing one’s life apart for the most ludicrous reasons. In this great novel that Harper Lee had written, To Kill A Mockingbird, she had made it pretty clear that the story took place during the Great Depression in the 1930’s. It was clear that it had taken place during this time because of how she had explained the setup of things. Nobody in the town she lived in had a lot of money, and as she had explained, she just grew up in a small, poor town. Of course, the Great Depression had played a major role in this factor, though. As Lee had explained in the beginning of the book, ‘“Maycomb was an old town, but it was a tired old town when I first knew it… There was no hurry,

Chile’s economy was effectively owned by US corporation’s, and these corporation’s controlled the country's resources. When Allende nationalized copper the two main American corporation were financially hurt severely and lost a lot of profit. This concerned the US and Nixon worried that Chile was falling under soviet control and communism. One of Nixon’s fears was that the Soviets would have total control in Americas backyard. However, the major reason that the US instigated the overthrow was because the corporations did not want Chile to take over their own resources and use them for their own benefit. The corporations were able to exercise leverage over Allende because Chile was in the middle of an economic depression and Chile was receiving loans from American banks. Once Allende was in power these loans were stopped by US foreign policy and of course Chile suffered economically . At this point,

During the great depression and after the great war in the 1920s and 1930s, political activists and intellectuals in Africa, Asia and Latin America challenge the economic and ideological under printings of neo-colonialism and imperialism as anti-imperialist and nationalist movement boost the strength of all these