If you were to travel back 10 000 years and make a journey across, what is today known as, Canada, you would be simply amazed. You would find myriads of distinct bands and tribes, each thriving in their own niches. You’d discover an array of unique cultures, painted with the colours of their earth and their sky, their mountains and their rivers, their flora and fauna, and everything they wholeheartedly believed in. Each tribe was just as beautiful as it was diverse from another. But then, some strangers arrived, who were fair and friendly in the beginning, but the thousands of years of turmoil that would follow, were unexpected, to say the absolute least. When the Europeans arrived in Canada with the intent of imperialization, although civil
On the other hand, Noah’s article provides plenty of relative evidence to support his idea, whereas Granastein’s article is devoid of content and makes a weak appeal to emotion. Noah mentions “the experience of Africadians, and the slaves and black United Empire Loyalists who preceded them”, “the grand derangement or deportation, in 1755, of Acadians that was a first act of ethnic cleansing” and “the persistently criminal abuse, maltreatment and insufficient resourcing of First Nations has to prompt” (par.5) in parallelism form, which sounds full of fervor. These sentences not only bring readers back to that moment, but also arouse their sympathy and feel connected to people that time. Whereas, Granastein merely argues that “We believe our attitudes to be superior to those of our forefathers, but we cannot understand them unless we walk in their shoes” (par.3) but does not explain how does this make differences. Just simply “imagine how some of our present attitudes might look in the 22nd century” (par. 4) without analysis also unable to convince readers that Canadians do not need to be ashamed of the dark side of their history, even though they understand things will change through the time.
Before the Europeans came to Canada, Natives had their own culture, traditions and norms. These differences were obvious to the Europeans who sailed to Canada, their interactions with the Native peoples proved these vast differences. One major difference noted was that the Iroquois organized their societies on different lines than did the patrilineal western Europeans. Iroquois women “by virtue of her functions as wife and mother, exercised an influence but little short of despotic, not only in the wigwam but also around the council fire.” “She indeed possessed and exercised all civil and political power and authority. The country, the land, the fields with their harvests and fruits belonged to her … her plans and wishes modeled the policy and inspired the decisions of council.” The Europeans were astounded by this way of life.
Canada, as we currently know it, is a country that was built by settlers. Through numerous amounts of settlements and constant immigration from locations all over the world, Canada’s populations have quickly become diverse and multicultural. However, while the country presently prides itself on its multiculturalism, there is a history of racism and massive cultural genocide to avoid this acceptance for a multicultural country. This is heavily reflected in Canadian literature throughout different periods of times, beginning with the Aboriginal tribes who were forced to assimilate to European culture. Through the examination of texts that prominently reflects different cultures within Canada, one can understand the beginning rejection of cultures
England/Britain and France were involved in many epic struggles for imperial dominance in the colonial North America between c. 1600 and 1763. They had many ways that they had to shape early Canada to who it is today. Without these features the shaping of Canada would be completely different. It has shaped in ways which can be in from the fur trade and how it build up the relationships with the indigenous people and as well as Treaty of Utrecht and Paris.
The divides between French Canadians and English Canadians has been present since their early settlements. Their tension certainly caused a lot of troubles as they both wanted power over the land they had colonized. In order to advance and move forward, and create a united country, they each had to compromise with one another, as well deal with the concerns of the lands’ original settlers, the Aboriginals, all of which led to multiple different Acts and treaties being created, setting out rules and laws in order to get along and accommodate each of their needs. These acts, which will be discussed, led to Canada’s expansion, as well as the creation of a Government, in which the system is still present and in use today. This presence of French and English populations
Protection, civilization, assimilation: An outline history of Canada’s Indian policy by John L. Tobias, 1991.
Isn 't it sad to see a Parliament building burnt on the night of April 25th, 1849 to mark as one of our historical importance of establishing Canada? The definition of annexation is to take over and acquiring another state. Usually, it is implied that the territory and population being annexed is the smaller and the weakest of the two merging state. By definition, Manifesto is a public declaration of policy and aims. Annexation movements inside Canada were usually inspired by dissatisfaction with Britain 's colonial government of Canada. For example, a groups of Irish immigrants took the route of attempting to annex the peninsula between the Detroit and Niagara Rivers to the U.S. by force in 1837-1838.
the First Nations were criticized and judged for moving to Canada and keeping their own cultural beliefs. The natives held onto their religion and culture because it was a part of them and their past and they also would not give it up willingly because they have been through too much to give up. “The federal government and most non-native Canadians believed that life for the First Nations people would be greatly improved if they gave up their culture and became part of mainstream, Christian Canadian”(Freeman-Shaw, Hastings-Winner 38). Canadian society was so full of itself that they considered everyone else and their culture to be less than their own. The Canadians thought everyone would be happier if they shared to same religion and beliefs
The history of Canada is the era of where colonization all began towards aboriginal peoples. Over the past decades, aboriginal peoples have been mistreated and misused by the white-Europeans. They have been oppressed by Canadian society that we are known still by today and continue to live under racism resulting in gender and class oppression. The history of colonialism has been playing a big part in the way of how aboriginal people have been constructed and impacted on how aboriginal people are treated and viewed in Canadian Society. They have been dealing with the struggles, inequality, and discrimination that we have been putting them through for over three centuries, we’ve been also failing them with Canada’s racist policies
Europeans felt that civilization was the pinnacle of human achievement. When they began settling across Canada, they began making assumptions about the First Nations, Inuit & Metis people. It was assumed that the aboriginal culture was unable to adapt to a rapidly modernizing society. The aboriginals were viewed as ignorant, savage, uncivilized and quite possibly rivals. Essentially, the native ways were viewed childish. The settlers realized that the natives culture, faith, education and trade were drastically different to European ways. Their ways appeared primitive. Duncan Campbell Scott, who was the Deputy Minister of Indian Affairs in Canada in 1920, has been quoted on the record saying, "I want to get rid of the Indian problem. I do not think as a matter of fact, that the country ought to continuously protect a class of people who are able to stand alone... Our objective is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada that has not been absorbed into the body politic and there is no Indian question, and no Indian Department.”
This symbolic journey reveals to the reader a subtle insight into the overwhelming, lack of respect and pure mockery towards the noble first nations people. Like Lois in the story, it is only now, centuries later, that European Canadians see the important role that Native Canadians play in the national identity of the Country in which they live. Unfortunately, after reading Atwood’s short story, that after centuries of abuse by the European culture towards first nations people it may be too late for these once proud people to regain the culture they once knew and had, due to the loss of fundamental aspects of what they once were as a
From the first contact between Aboriginal Peoples and European immigrants to the present day, the aim of Canadian government policy has been to assimilate the Indigenous Peoples of Canada. The attempted forced abandonment of their culture was perpetrated through a variety of strategies including force, aggression and legalities. While historians and politicians may disagree about the motivations of Canadian policy, the impact has been irrefutable. In efforts to create one unified nation, successive governments failed to recognize their destructive actions. In this failure, Canada has come close to shattering the sub-nations and peoples who comprise them. This paper will review the government’s effort to absorb the Indigenous peoples’ culture, their refusal to assimilate, and will also identify potential strategies for future relations.
Conflict between Canada and the First Nations has been going on since the Europeans first arrived. After their arrival the First Nations way of life was hindered severely; The Europeans brought many diseases that the Aboriginal people were unfamiliar with and had no resistance to, or cure for. “By the 16th century about 80% of Canada's Native population had died from the various diseases (Renneboog, 5).” The Europeans also came to Canada with the intentions of taking all of the land for themselves, disregarding the people who occupied the land before them. Over time the Europeans had manipulated the First Nations to their will and the Aboriginals were discriminated for their different complexion, culture, customs, and way of life. But
In the contact narrative of early Anglophile and Francophile settlements in Canada, the dominance of white European identity in the historical record is based on vastly different perceptions of indigenous/ aboriginal as being inferior to the “civilized” world. These misrepresentations of the indigenous peoples of Canada are primarily based on linguistic and cultural scholarship in the Eurocentric tradition, which were based on primitive tribal customs and social norms. In many cases,
Goodness is a rare commodity in the world. Even high school history courses focus on the crimes, wars, torture and depression, not the peace, selflessness and miracles. Still, pretending the dark, deceitful past does not exist is a common act when discussing history in Canada. The First Nations people bear the brunt of this ignorance, as very little of their suffering, at the hands of the government is acknowledged. Due to the abuse and neglect from the Canadian government, the First Nations people faced and continue to face a depletion of culture and serious mental health issues. In the First World War, First Nations people dealt with inconsiderate and racist policies. For the following decades, children were forced into the abusive,