Implementing Generic And Generic Drugs

“Medical malpractice occurs when a hospital, doctor or other health care professional, through a negligent act or omission, causes an injury to a patient. The negligence might be the result of errors in diagnosis, treatment, aftercare or health management.” (Admin) One of the most common type of claims that pharmacies face are negligence claims. Negligence is one of the categories that falls under the area of law called Torts. In the Hundley v Rite Aid case, a tort was filed for injuries that were sustained by Gabrielle Hundley after she took medication from an incorrectly filed prescription. The case involved a jury trial verdict involving Gabrielle Hundley, a minor child, against Howard Jones, the pharmacist, and the Rite

Pharmaceutical companies are provided with temporary monopoly rights on the production of new drugs which result in a higher cost on consumers. If competing companies were allowed to produce generic forms of those drugs, consumers will be able to afford those medications even in cases where those consumers have no insurance coverage. The company responsible for developing and inventing the original medication could be offered incentives to invent in the future by either obtaining tax breaks or NIH funding for future research. They could even be offered a percentage of the sales of the generic drugs. Economist Gary S. Becker advocates dropping many FDA requirements that, in his opinion, provide no additional safety measures but rather delay the development of new drugs.[12] Betamethasone, for example, has been part of the standard prenatal care in Europe since the late 1970’s while it got adopted in the U.S. after 1997. On many occasions, the FDA ignores all scientific evidence concerning certain drugs because the manufacturer did not follow their mandated bureaucratic standards.

They have also attacked patent listings in the Food and Drug Administration “Orange Book” and have alleged monopolization through fraud on the Patent and Trademark Office and sham litigation. Yet other cases have condemned distribution agreements as unlawful exclusive dealing. These government actions have led to substantial private class action litigation against the pharmaceutical industry. The FTC has also challenged numerous mergers and acquisitions in the industry over the last decade. One common feature in all of these cases is the need to define a relevant market. In nonmerger cases, the FTC and private plaintiffsgenerally allege narrow markets, limited to a single drug and its generic equivalent in some cases and to generic drugs excluding the bioequivalent “brand-name” drug in other cases. In its merger challenges, on the other hand, the FTC has alleged markets ranging from those based upon a particular chemical compound, to broader markets based upon various drugs’ manner of interaction or dosage form, to still broader markets of all drugs used to treat a disease or condition. In numerous pharmaceutical merger challenges, the government has included in the market not only currently marketed drugs but also other drugs under development, alleging “innovation markets.”

That the modification involved a subsequent remedial measure. involving the issue of whether the federal law requirement that generic drugs must bear the same FDAapproved labels as their brand-name counterparts preempts state law claims for failure to warn? Answer Selected Answer: That federal law preempted state law claims for failure to warn based on strict liability but that failure to warn claims based on negligence could proceed. That federal law preempted state law claims for failure to warn. Correct Answer:

The Federal Food, Drug Administration is responsible for establishing the Code of Federal Regulations which outlines the rules and regulations governing pharmaceuticals. The rules are divided into sections and include guidance based on drug categories. Due to each person having varying reactions to pharmaceutical products not all side-effects are detected during clinical testing. The Federal Food, Drug Administration is responsible for sharing the information with consumers. However, it seems a bit unethical because the large pharmaceutical companies do not have to share all of side-effect information that may assist consumers in making its choice on whether to try a product or to not try a product. Through various survey’s it was discovered that consumers are under the opinion that pharmaceutical companies need to have improved internal controls to ensure their compliance with regulations. Due to physicians and pharmaceutical companies working together and are dependent on one another there needs to be controls in place that would have an unbiased view of the regulations. The government will need to continue introducing new regulations that will aide in monitoring the relationships.

Bill Maher once mocked the aggressive nature of the drug advertisements that direct you to tell your doctor that their drug is right for you. “Tell your doctor? Shouldn’t your doctor tell you what drugs you need. When you tell your doctor isn’t he just a dealer at that point,” said Bill Maher. The American public generally trusts their government to protect them from the hidden dangers prescription and over-the-counter drugs. However, that trust isn’t fully warranted as the FDA has been featured in the GAO report of “high risk” agencies which need drastic reforms. After all, the FDA is in charge of regulating the shameless drug advertisements that inundate the airwaves.

The implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) will propel changes that were on the horizon for pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries knew there was going to be some type of healthcare reform so they began to take the necessary precautions to prepare. The ACA had key provisions related to the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industry affecting Medicare and Medicaid. Legislation in the ACA will reduce cost for brand name prescriptions (Rx); this will reduce drug cost for patients, but increase rebates and discounts for pharmaceutical and biotechnology firms, therefore, imposing cost on the firms. The pharmaceutical and biotech industry was key in creating legislation for the ACA, according to CMS (2009), “despite

Moreover, patients often have less knowledge than the prescriber does about the appropriateness of the drug, where it can be very misinforming for the consumer. Lastly, drug efficacy is a problem in all contexts. Since stakeholders are likely, less informed than manufacturers it causes both the consumer and prescriber to depend on the manufacturer for information of the effectiveness of the drug (Bennett, Quick, Velasquez, 2016).

One court found that New York’s mandatory generic drug law was conclusive proof that the plaintiff received a generic drug because the pharmacist had no choice, but to fill the prescription with generic drugs. Zandi v. Wyeth, No. A08-1455, 2009 WL 2151141, at *3 (Minn. Ct. App. July 21, 2009). In contrast, a different court found that West Virginia’s generic drug law was not conclusive evidence because it merely allowed a pharmacist to fill a prescription with a generic version of a drug. Keffer v. Wyeth, No. CIV.A. 2:04-0692, 2011 WL 1838966, at *3-4 (S.D.W. Va. May 13, 2011).

Courts have been reluctant to grant summary judgment on product identification even when the plaintiff has minimal evidence that they took the brand name drug. In several cases, just the plaintiff’s testimony about the brand of the drug she took was sufficient to create a question of material fact. Furthermore, courts have held defendants to a high standard on counter-evidence and have generally required nearly conclusive records to discount a plaintiff’s evidence. However, Pfizer can point to several cases that favorably discuss brand names and their generic uses, so Pfizer does have arguments it can make to push for summary judgment.

As a nurse leader, what I could do now is suggest for our transplant program to prescribe generic medications. This is a commitment to STEEEP™ care. When the patient is first transplanted at the BSWH-AS, he/she is started on the hospital formulary, which is generic. The patient is discharged on medications ordered from Courtyard Pharmacy which uses the same distributer and manufacturer. Most commercial insurance companies charge a higher co-pay for brand. Medicare prefers generic medications. With the co-pays being so high and insurance companies being so restrictive, the prescriber is forced to go with generic.

Making it transparent to the consumers, saving the lives of their consumers today means they are preserving the lives this consumers for future. As much as these manufacturers believe that their right to market their products is being interfered with, they should also put themselves on the boat of the consumer who have an equal right to information thus by putting that label the right of consumers is as well being exercised. (Gollust, Colleen, and Jeff ,2014,

For example, Vedula (2012) notes that FDA guidelines state pharmaceutical companies can use peer-reviewed articles to publicize evidence of a drug’s effectiveness for off-label uses, as long as a number of conditions are met—perhaps the most essential of which is that “the information disseminated must not be false or misleading.” However, Vedula continues, there is no unyielding regulation that all research findings have to be published. Therefore, a company can still choose to selectively disseminate favorable findings. His article concludes that there is now a copious amount of evidence that suggests selective reporting of study results, based on the strength and direction of findings, is performed extensively by the pharmaceutical industry.

There is full concurrence among the four commentators: Gamgort, Nelson, Thompson, and Sheehan that Bryant Pharmaceuticals should not approve Laura's pitch for a product placement of Seflex on the news program The Morning Show. Undoubtedly, Laura and her Bryant colleagues, along with executive management have an unenviable task; conjuring a "dramatic increase in sales" (Peebles, Ellen. October 2003 P. 32) of Seflex prior to its patent expiration in two years. Yet, the purported solution fails to address serious concerns across three critical issues: "legal, business, and ethical" (Peebles, Ellen. October 2003 P. 40).

Pharmaceutical companies should attempt to be as transparent as possible when marketing prescription drugs to the public. Their marketing efforts should not only convey the benefits of the prescription drug, but also easily convey the possible risks associated with the prescription drugs. Many patients may tend to think the benefits outweigh the potential risks of prescription drugs and may pressure their physician to prescribe it. Due to the way the prescription drug is marketed, the consumer may believe the