Implicit Attitude

“Implicit attitude is defined as unacknowledged attitudes external to a person’s awareness which nonetheless have measurable effects on people’s response times to stimulations” (Grinnell, 2009). This is a topic of importance on reading within the field of social psychology.

Implicit bias is bias in one’s judgment or behavior that results from one’s unconscious associations. In order to thoroughly discuss implicit bias, implicit associations must first be examined. Implicit associations refer to one’s unconscious associations between a group and how one feels about said group. For example, a person may subconsciously associate straight people as “normal” and homosexuals as “wrong”. They may have this unconscious association even if they do not express this opinion

We as a society, assume that certain groups of individuals have different characterises compared to others. This is called ‘stereotyping’. When something is out of our conscious and control, this is called ‘implicit stereotype’. Implicit stereotype is when we unknowingly stereotype; for example unintentionally believing that men are stronger than women. When working as a therapist, in order to monitor non- discriminatory practice it’s important that we are all self- aware of our own prejudices and stereotypes. The ‘Harvard Implicit Association Test’ was created to help people be aware of their unconscious drive that influences their day to day decisions. This test was developed by researchers from Harvard University that shows individuals what their prejudices are, which may not be known to self. (Implicit preferences) It would be important for a counsellor to use immediacy when in the counselling room with their clients, to acknowledge any implicit stereotypes that may affect

Implicit bias plays a significant role in today’s society, whether the members realize it or not. The online Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy says,” ‘Implicit bias’ is a term of art referring to a relatively unconscious and relatively automatic features of prejudiced judgement and social behavior” (Brownstein 2015). Implicit biases are often based on stereotypes. Stereotypes, as defined by OpenStax, are “oversimplified ideas about groups of people” (OpenStax College 2015:248). Implicit biases can be problematic for many reasons. One way implicit biases are troublesome is due to the fact that it is unconscious, so it is usually out of a person’s control. People are often unaware of their own and how they use it. A very common way implicit biases are seen in society is through discrimination. Discrimination is defined as “prejudiced action against a group of people” (OpenStax College 2015:248). If a man and a woman are considered as potentials for being hired, the employer may have an implicit bias either towards or against men or women influencing them to hire one over the other based on their gender. This exemplifies a modern concern of gender discrimination as well. Implicit biases can come in many forms from gender, race, weight, sexuality, and many more. These factors can influence an individual’s treatment of others if they have significant bias. In society, these implicit biases can negatively influence minority and other groups and lead to inequality.

Expectancy refers to what an individual expects or predicts what may happen in an interaction (Dickter & Gyurovski, 2012; Miller-Ott & Kelly, 2015; Sidelinger & Bolen, 2015). Researchers note that predictive expectancies are what individuals expect in a certain situation based on what generally happens in a specific context, while prescriptive expectancies are what individuals expect based on the social norms of what is appropriate (Sidelinger & Bolen, 2015; Walther-Martin, 2015). Furthermore, arousal may take place when a person’s expectations are violated (Dickter & Gyurovski, 2012; Johnson, 2012; West & Turner, 2014). Arousal is shown through an increase in interest or attention when deviations from expectations occur (West & Turner, 2014). Threat threshold is the ‘distance at which an interactant experiences physical and psychological discomfort by the presence of another’ (West & Turner, 2014, p.

Define implicit bias and give an example. The definition of implicit refers to something that is suggested or implied but never clearly said. An example of implicit is when the wife gives her husband a dirty look when she drops the husband's socks on the floor. Implicit Bias is also known as implicit social cognition; implicit bias refers to the attitudes of the people or the stereotypes that tend to affect our understanding, actions, and decisions in an unaware situation (Ohio State University, 2015). An example of implicit bias is when some doctors had become shown a patient history and where asked to decide about heart disease. The doctors were more likely to recommend cardiac cauterization an effective procedure to help the patients to

African Americans in the United States have been oppressed for many years. The continuous oppression and negative attitudes towards African Americans has caused an ongoing ethnic conflict. African Americans in the United States are facing injustices in all aspects of life, socially, economically, and politically. Although the conflict involving African Americans in the United States may not be as severe as other ethnic conflicts occurring around the world, it is still a very important ethnic conflict to address. In a study conducted by Givens and Monahan (2009), “participants associated the African American women interviewee more quickly with negative worlds, where as the white interviewee was more quickly associated with positive ones”

Knowing, understanding, and being aware of personal biases is the first step in the development of plans or strategies overcoming biases. As nurses we must recognize and be more sensitive to the care provided to patients and understand that differences do exist in and between the differing races, cultures, and ethnic groups (Giger, 2013, p. 3). The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is used to identify and provide an awareness to biases that are consciously or unconsciously present in an individuals actions and beliefs (Project Implicit, 2011). After completing the Race IAT, Gender-Career IAT and Religion IAT, I will discuss the prejudices, biases, and stereotypical thinking present in my life and share what steps can be taken to reduce or eliminate

No matter who you are or what part of the world you are from implicit bias are a constant issue in society. These tendencies typically stem from structural injustice, implicit bias, and personal discretion. Structural injustice is when a category of people are associated with an insufficient status when comparing to other groups of people engaging in the same actions. Implicit bias are stances and stereotypes that affect our comprehension, actions and decisions held by our unconscious manner. These bias are involuntarily and are done without individuals awareness or intentional control. Everyone is exposed to these biases at a young age through the media, parents, and teachers. Each individual holds possession of implicit bias whether they

The environment in which one is born in has a way of embedded certain ideas into one’s head. Through socialization and personal experience, these ideas are formed and many people are never consciously aware of where these ideas stemmed from. Implicit bias is an unconscious thought process that many individuals are never aware of due to its intrinsic nature. The United States of America, which may be a country rich in diversity and culture, is also a place that is struggling to overcome a history of racism, oppression, and prejudice that has been prevalent since its founding. Over time, we have experienced less explicit racial discrimination and bias but implicit racial biases seems to be a vast concern worth exploring in the

When we were given this assignment I was very uneasy about talking to another person about personal matters. Let alone someone who I had never had a conversation with and was of a different race and ethnicity. My interviewee's name is Micheal. He considers himself black of African American descent. He is a black 36 yr old black male. Michael was born in San Bernardino, CA. He’s an educated and a professional male who works in college. He is the father of 2 boys, happily married. His wife is considered a white woman. Michael is the second from the oldest of about 9 children. He was raised by his aunt and uncle who he very happily calls, mom and dad. They had 2 adopted children when he was taken in and then they adopted 2 more after him. He smiles

The Implicit Association Test was established by Anthony Grenwald, Mahzarin Banaji, and Brian Nosek. This test assesses your attitude or views towards a certain subject, it is your automatic response on an unconscious level. The Test results you recieve may be the complete opposite of your conscious beliefs and views. You have two levels of thinking your conscious and unconscious level, in your conscious level you have your beliefs and values that control our behavior deliberately, then your unconscious level which is our immediate automatic response to something. The

Implicit attitudes are unintentional and somewhat unconscious evaluations that are made, explicit attitudes are attitudes that we are fully conscious and aware of Rather than focus on the feelings and values of an attitude object Cognitive based attitudes focus on the beliefs held about the particular attributes of an attitude object (Crisp and Turner 2007). This type of attitude serves to help us quickly identify a positive or negative response on whether we want something or not (Crisp and Turner 2007). Behavioural based attitudes are primarily concerned with Daryl

Attitudes carry a huge weight in social psychology. In the past, the theory of attitudes was considered the most dominant study in social psychology (Allport, 1935). Throughout time, the term attitude has accumulated many definitions, a renowned definition being “a relatively enduring organisation of beliefs, feelings and behavioural tendencies towards socially significant objects, groups, events or symbols” (Hogg and Vaughan, 2014, p. 150). The focus on attitudes is so significant because the question of whether attitudes can predict behaviour has arisen time after time. If attitudes do predict behaviour, we can discover why people act in certain ways and, therefore, attempt to change negative behaviours. Over time, work has been carried out to determine to what extent attitudes predict behaviour.

The psychological concepts involved in this contemporary issue are implicit attitudes, obedience to authority, and dissonance reduction. Implicit attitudes are attitudes that are involuntary, unconscious, uncontrollable, and typically unknown to us. They differ from their counterpart explicit attitudes which are ones we