Importance Of International Norms

The international system is anarchic. It is very important to notice that anarchy, according to Mearsheimer, does not mean chaos or disorder, but absence of centralized authority, that stands above states and protects

Amidst the global attempts to establish worldwide peace on a moral ground, there are still several events where international security, peace, and justice are sacrificed for national benefits, as, for example, seen in the United States’ nonintervention policy, which prioritizes national sovereignty. In his book Moral Man and Immoral Society, Reinhold Niebuhr indicated that each nation-state had a “collective egoism” that was beyond moral or rational explanation. Although the book was published in 1932, well before any realization of human rights protection law or organization, Niebuhr’s message remains true to the present context: the contemporary culture, religious or secular, still fails to recognize the collective egoism in human institutions. His argument regarding the dynamics of power remains relevant. However, there is a sign of hope, as there are numerous organizations aimed to reduce each nation’s collective egoism and emphasizes why a

This ultimately illustrates how the development of international law has dominated by European as western norms

Differing standards of behavior in countries are primarily due to what the country believes is the correct behavior. The idea of good conduct ties into morality. To elaborate, morality is a wide-ranging term, and this term is analogous to the idea of belief. Therefore, what one country may view as moral or immoral may, most likely, be different from another country’s viewpoint on that specific belief. The idea of morality is the reason why countries should not intervene in foreign affairs. Attacking, whether physically or verbally, the regulations of other countries may lead to indifference because the regulations are embedded into the country’s government officials’ brains; hence, when other government officials from different countries try to prove them wrong, then the opposing countries would not listen.

What is the global hub? It is a location (country or city) that has strong international presence economically and socially. The US is one of a good example of a global hub. The concept of the global hub is developed from a theory, which is the world – system theory. The world system is created by Immanuel Waller stein. This theory is categorizing into two main countries, which is core and periphery. Countries such as Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Congo are representative of a peripheral country. Also, Countries such as US, UK, and Japan are representative of a core country. Periphery country is a location in which not presence to be of great international importance. So they’ re basically less developed than core countries or semi –periphery

As our society becomes more and more globalized, international relations have become a necessity. However, cooperation on an international level, between different cultures and countries, can be difficult. As a result, nowadays we have such organizations as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the United Nations (UN), and other that unite many countries by common goals such as preventing conflicts and solving existing disputes. Naturally, to fulfill this task there is a need for regulations and laws on an international level that all states are required to abide by. These regulations serve as a sort of “international

International Law is likely to be structurally weakened by the recently witnessed upsurge in Ethnic Populism. The agreements, enumerated and otherwise, which underpin the project of International Law rest upon a combination of economic, moral, and political values; values which have become discordant among several key actors who formed the core of international

Finnemore and Sikkink (1998) argue that norms evolve in three stages, which they call the norm life cycle. In the first stage of norm emergence, there is a conviction that something must be changed and the “norm entrepreneurs” persuade states to adopt the norm. If a “tipping point” is reached, which is usually one-third of the states, states adopt the norm for domestic political reasons (Finnemore & Sikkink, 1998). The second stage is norm cascade where states adopt norms in response to international pressure; they do this to enhance domestic legitimacy, conformity, and esteem needs (Finnemore & Sikkink, 1998). The final stage is norm internalization in which the norms become internalized and professionals press for codification and universal

The Geneva Conventions embody “strongly felt humanitarian ideals” which is the main source of their legitimacy. These treaties allow the international community to work together and agree on certain standards of war and human rights. The Geneva Conventions are an important aspect to the field of international relations. These treaties embody the commonly felt humanitarian ideals of the majority of the world, which proves that the international community can work together and agree on human rights. This element of teamwork across the international community contributes to the idealist view of international relations. The idealist view claims that ideas and traditions are what brings countries together, ends war, and facilitates globalization; typically laws and traditions vary per state, but sometimes they can transcend borders.

Universal theories state that, regardless of race, origin, religious beliefs or culture, every human being is entitled to basic rights. These rights are inherent to the fundamental nature of that person, and are meant to be implemented transnationally, without bias. The universal theory of legalism states that the “only way to create social harmony is through legal rule”, and that there cannot be an expectation on individuals to regulate themselves (Juric). The regulation of individuals is achieved through government. However, the government agents are also subject to the law. This notion is known as the Rule of Law and states that no individual is above the law. Legalism proposes “that the law is not arbitrary, they are rooted in reason and agreed upon by all of us” (Juric). Legalism makes the assertion that the only creditable government is democratic in nature. Through a majority vote democratic governments give the individuals of the society the ability to choose the legislative party that is responsible for creating the laws that the citizens abide by. In this way, legalism states that citizens have influence over the laws and policies of their country. In order for Legalism to be considered a valid universal human rights theory, it must be accepted by all nations. This paper discusses the notion that the universalist theory legalism is inoperative because of its Cultural limitations, and difficulty implementing Human rights Standards. There is a strong Western

In a political system superintended and galvanized by anarchy and inherited norms, transformations and variations are inevitable. The origin of such system began with the “Peace of Westphalia,” marking the termination of the 30 years war, and was the prominent beginning of the modern international system of where in which Nation States are of the highest institution. This was the end of the ‘Holy Roman Empire’ (of that wasn’t holy nor Roman) and the incalculable scores of religious based wars that plagued the world for a power struggle for territory and valuable natural resources.

With rampant violation of the human rights norm, are norms relevant in international politics? What significance do they hold if they do not inform policy decisions? Can anything be done in order to strengthen the normative element of human rights protection on a large scale? Constructivists declare that norms, principles, regimes or ideas are important factors at play in the international system mitigating pure self-interest and power politics that dictate behavior, as per the dominant realist worldview. However, to what extent norms actually influence decision-making is the true test to the relevance of constructivist arguments. Are norms and ideas affecting state interests in

Writing in 1758, Emer de Vattel explained: “The fundamental law which determines the manner in which the public authority is to be exercised is what forms the constitution of the state.” Extrapolating this concept to the international political process, the bulk of the most important norms which regulate political activity and relationships in the global polity could be called an international constitution.

“It needs to be noted that the circulation of policy ideas often takes place against the backdrop of a range of international and regional settlements, both formal and informal. These settlements are expressed in terms of consensus and conventions, and involve agreements and commitments that expose national policy practices to external dictates and scrutiny” (p. 86).

The idea of peremptory norms is older than modern international law itself (113). The idea of peremptory norms stems from the belief that certain actions are so heinous that derogation is not allowed. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties shows the importance of peremptory norms in both Article 53 and 64. Article 53 states that a treaty is void if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm. Article 64 explains that treaties,