Importance Of Reflexivity In Research

The purpose of the interview is to confirm the result of the survey.  I can gather other

According to the course syllabus we were introduced to the techniques of psychological research. This course was able to provide an understanding of how research is done, and what methods we can use to do so. By having a clear understanding of research and techniques used, it allows us to communicate effectively in regards to ideas behind the research process. In this paper, I will use myself as the case study to examine exactly what I learned about research.

7. In an exploratory study such as this, one problem is defining what the "data" are -- the information we should collect. Also, what should have been done to minimize the effects of experimenter bias on the outcome of the study? What were the dangers of the principal investigator assuming the role of prison superintendent?

Early surveys by the NCVS were felt that the information obtained in the interview of the victim may not be reliable. Interviewees can be vulnerable to several types of biases including memory errors, errors of deception, telescoping, and sampling errors.

Within this assignment there will be a clear demonstration and understanding of the concept of research in relation to the acquisition of underpinning knowledge appropriate to my programme of study. I will also be undertaking a comparative analysis of the nature and validity of quantitative and qualitative research methods. I will also be demonstrating skills in critical analysis of methods of data collection and selection of appropriate methods to informing future working practice. I will also be analyse the ethical considerations in relation to the development and undertaking of research.

Phenomenological interview limitations may appear due to the researcher’s lack of experience in conducting interviews (Downey, 2015); which may interfere with the researcher’s focus and intentionality (Ashworth, 2017). Limitations may occur with the relationship between the researcher and the interviewee, including power struggles which might affect trust and honest participant reflections (Boucher, 2017). Further, time limitations could impede upon a participants deliberation process during the interview process (Downey, 2015). If a researcher is to understand the essence of a phenomenon; a suspension of judgment is required during participant interviews (Ashworth, 2017). Additionally, the researcher will need to be extremely attentive to experience the study through the participants’ eyes (Kelley, 2016). Individuals may choose not to answer every question, which is acceptable; yet, missing data can also become a limitation to the study. However, if enough participants do not answer the same question, the question might need to be reframed or removed; additionally, secondary data, such as technical reports, white papers or additional publications might be necessary to validate the research question (Johnston, 2014).

My positionality is composed both of cultural aspects and personal lived experiences that engender me towards certain perspectives (Holmes, 2014), thus introducing subjectivity in my research. As such, I must understand where my positionality is derived from to ensure that my research remains as “truthful” as possible (Holmes, 20014). I must remain self-conscious about my own views and positions and how they may influence my design, execution and interpretation of the research data findings (Greenback, 2003). Understanding my own positionality further guides me to remain cognizant of it while practicing and sustaining reflexivity throughout my research. Berger (2013) remarks it as a means of acknowledging my own subjectivity,

4. Typical surveys involve about 500 people to 2000 people. When author Shere Hite wrote Woman and Love: A Cultural Revolution in Progress, she based conclusions on a relatively large sample of 4500 replies that she received after mailing 100,000 questionnaires to various woman’s groups. Are her conclusions likely to be valid in the sense that they can be applied to the general population of all women? Why or why not.

While reading Meda Chesney-Lind's and Victor Rios' interviews, plenty of powerful insight and advice was given, which on the long run benefits me and guides me on doing research of my own. One of the most important pieces of advice given was to have reflexivity, which in my case I have to understand that I have privilege, thus I should not take anything for granted in my field. Another key piece of advice comes directly from Victor Rios and says, “Although I brought my own biography to this study, that was not enough to give me the insights I needed to develop conceptualizations for understanding the conditions... experience alone did not guarantee entree” (Fentsermaker and Jones. Rios p112). This piece of advice hits home in my case because

Research methodology and methodological approaches that is, the structured process of conducting research and the overall concepts and theories which underpin research respectively (Bryman, 2008), occupy a central position in the research process as they are both shaped by and translate the researcher’s epistemological position. Epistemology then refers to a researcher’s philosophical stance about the nature, derivation and scope of knowledge (Gilbert, 2008). These positions are seldom ‘spelt out’ but rather understood in the matter of research methodology and approach (Sarantakos, 2005).

When it comes to crime and justice research ethics plays a major role in how it is carried out. There is a code of ethics that describes how research should be administered. This code stands on the principles and guidelines generated by “professional organizations to oversee research practices and simplify the line between ethical and unethical conduct” (Kraska & Neuman, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to address issues involving research participants. It will show the importance of adhering to ethical standards when conducting research and the consequences of what can happen in criminal justice research when these standards of behavior are not maintained

In conclusion, it is evident that research is imperative. Research must be kept within the parameters of the so that the information obtained us justifiable and can be used in a court of law when necessary. Police officer’s dedicate themselves to striving in protecting their communities from harm. Officers put their lives on the line as well as place strain on their family lives so that we don’t have to.

When preparing for an interview, a great deal of thought and consideration needs to be completed before the interview even begins. The person conducting the interview needs to think about where the interview is going to take place, the time of which it will occur at, and what kind of technology will be used. They need to review the file and consider who is being interviewed, what the person has experienced, and how they may be affected. Interviewing someone is a crucial part of policing, and ultimately helps police solve crimes. When it is done properly, it can be very successful, but if it is not done properly, it could ultimately end an investigation. Therefore, an interview can either be successful or not, and here are some points displaying the success and improvements that can be done in interviews.

When thinking about Criminal Justice it’s obvious that research is involved in solving crime. But it goes much further than that. Research is actually conducted in Criminal Justice itself. Research is done in Criminal Justice for a number of reasons. Research can be conducted in Criminal Justice for three main reasons; social problems, policy and academics. Then a number of other additional reasons are exploration, description, explanation, application, predictive and finally intervening. Within why research is conducted is another important aspect of Criminal Justice is Methodology; which is how the research is being conducted. Each of these topics will further be explained in depth.

After having analysed what the 50 women had to say in the Pilot study, the following Methodology was adopted for the final study. Quantitative Methodology with the Survey was considered the most feasible method for the present study. It is less oriented towards representatives and more towards finding associations and explanations, less towards description and more towards prediction, less lightly to ask ‘how many’, than ‘why’ and what goes with ‘what’.