Importance Of Synthetic Biology : High-Technology Perishable Designs

Humans are on a constant quest in the search for perfection and advancement in all areas of life through progressive scientific knowledge. From such a stance, the future of humans appears boundless with all the potential possibilities biotechnology provides, but such developments will cause ethical, social and biological implications.

Before, biologists assumed all microbes are bad for the human body (automatically thought of pathogens), caused many diseases and harm our body fundamental systems. In addition, the biologists think that our body is already built which had all the functions required to maintain our health. However, the attitude has changed over the last decade. The biologists characterized the most prevalent species of microbes in the body, and found out that these collective microbes do not threaten us, and they also are important part of human bodies.

ROCKVILLE, MD and San Diego, CA (May 20, 2010)— Researchers at the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), a not-for-profit genomic research organization, published results today describing the successful construction of the first self-replicating, synthetic bacterial cell. The team synthesized the 1.08 million base pair chromosome of a modified Mycoplasma mycoides genome. The synthetic cell is called Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-syn1.0 and is the proof of principle that genomes can be designed in the computer, chemically made in the laboratory and transplanted into a recipient cell to produce a new self-replicating cell controlled only by the synthetic genome.

We know currently essential information about microbiomes to help us understand the human body a little better. The skin, mouth, esophagus, stomach, colon, gut, and vagina are composed of microbial communities. Collectively, the gut has the most information. Information pertaining to these body parts however, are limited simply because each individual is unique This makes each body just as unique as the person. (The Scientist Staff) It is in still in question whether we are functionally redundant between community members, and what kind of factors are influencing this. (Turnbaugh)

Bacteria are the natural world 's unsung heroes. They receive bad rep due to the disease causing individuals like tuberculosis but the vast majority of bacteria on Earth are harmless if not beneficial to both the environment and humans. Take for example E. Coli a well known bacteria that lives within our intestines. This particular bacteria makes vitamins that we need in order to stay healthy. In this experiment we analyzed the changes seen in bacteria when adding to differing DNA plasmids; pUC18 and lux. To arrive to the most accurate results possible we had to have the E. Coli bacteria made permeable to the plasmids. So it was prepared with calcium chloride. One group of bacteria was given the pUC18 plasmid, and the other group was given the lux as well as the pUC18 plasmids. We then proceeded to incubate them in different containers. Some had ampicillin where as some had none. This was done in order to observe the effect of pUC18, and lux growth patterns. A control with neither plasmid was used to keep a basis for our experiments. Bacteria that had transformed and taken in the lux plasmid without ampicilin were able to illuminate, and only bacteria that gained the pUC18 were capable of surviving with ampicillin. The results observed reveal how foreign DNA can be adapted to fit into another cell 's DNA even incorporated to be an optimal part of the cell. This process makes it a very viable manner of being able to mass replicate advantageous genes, that would

The research question of the article Designer DNA by Rachel Berkowitz was how the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) portrays a unique sequence of protein for every organism. Biologically, all animals including humans have a unique DNA. The study focuses on how the arrangement of four nucleotide bases determines the DNA sequence. For decades, scientists have altered the DNA of various organisms to manipulate the life of living things. They have inserted genes into algae, yeast cells, and bacteria to produce enzymes that appear in different shapes and structures. The researchers hypothesized that software makes it less tedious for scientists to predict the behaviors of host organisms whose DNA have been manipulated. In reality, the actions

However, the cost to produce PHB is very high. In the 1980’s a new and cost effective way to produce PHB was created. This was done by cloned Alcaligenes Eutrophus organisms that contained PHB genes were transferred into E. Coli, which is a type of bacterium that is able to be produced quickly and reduced the cost of production.

Which is why on the 28th of July, a new study was released that would go on to explain what we know microbiota as we know it may be lacking.

In this experiment, I hypothesized the women’s restroom soap dispenser will contain more microorganisms, rather than the student’s hallway bench. The Microorganisms are very tiny organisms that travels through the cell caused by archaea and protists bacteria that appears in the human body. For example, Microbes appears thorough our skin, mouth and into the air. It is not visible for you to touch, feel, or see. These tiny organisms can contribute to worse conditions. The worse conditions cab be spread, directly or indirectly to certain cancers, bowel syndrome, asthma, and autism (Campbell 2015). Also, microbes changes can effect on how we eat, live, and move around in the human body. Microorganisms reflect the changes of the environment

Modern medicines, like insulin, are made by using genetically engineered bacteria. Bacterial transformation is used to engineer bacteria to produce these medicines. Scientists are able to transfer DNA from other organisms to bacteria, commonly through plasmids, to transform the bacterial DNA. Scientists have been able to artificially stimulate the bacteria to uptake certain chosen genes and then incorporate them into their genomes through transformation. This is often done by the use of a heat shock process in order for the chosen genes to be transformed into the bacteria’s original DNA. If the transformation process was successful, the foreign genes in the transgenic bacterium will be expressed through the production of proteins. The bacterium have the ability to clone themselves and a fast

In this time and day where almost everything is possible, a lot of people are wondering if it would be possible to make anything we’d want and even if we could artificially make a human being. Since before 2000, scientists have been experimenting with printing DNA and cells. Recently a plastic heart was 3D printed for a heart transplant and it worked! But would we be able to print a human being in the future, using cells, not plastic? Printing body parts for transplants will be, but we can’t print a living and completely functioning human being.

I was amazed and felt frightened when I discovered for the first time how many micro creatures are existing inside and outside of our body. Despite their tremendous number, I learned that these creatures in fact are helping us to fight the bad bacteria by training our immune system and moreover providing us with a good supply of vitamins to keep us in a good

Geneticists continue to look for ways to genetically alter genes and transformation to better the lives of other people. In this experiment the goal was to understand the transformation process and how genetically engineering bacteria could possibly be useful. The transformation process involved 5 steps: pre-incubation, incubation, heat chock, recovery and growth, and selection. Four different plates were used to analyze the effects of the transformation. The plates were as follows: plate 1 contained lysogenic broth (LB) and ampicillin (amp) with plasmids (pGLO); plate 2 contained LB/amp/arabinose sugar with pGLO; plate 3 contained LB/amp without pGLO; and plate 4 contained LB without pGLO. The results obtained proved our hypotheses to be correct.

The video Animation of Microbiome shows very specific main points of our bodies containing Microbiomes by showing us the virtual understanding and explaining of what their roles are in our human body. Microbiome has a important part in our human body, because without them we could end up having many diseases that make us weak and also they are the ones who fight off the bad diseases that come into our body. They are given to us when we are born and when we are breast feeded and if we aren’t treated right when we are born and with a lot of cleanliness then our body is going to grow up with weak Microbiomes.

The scientists can build organisms to consume toxic chemicals in water or soil that would not otherwise decompose. The positive aspects of this synthetic engineering are growing every day. The United States is just getting its first glimpse of everything these scientists are working to develop (pbs.org).