Importance Of The Human Genome Project

Scientist is studying the human genome to determine its sequence. Understanding the genomic sequence can prevent any form of disease, however, each person does not contain the same genomes which means it is hard to understand each genomes sequences. The advantage of understanding the genomics, is to understand how human genomic mutations can lead to life-threating conditions such as cancer and prevent them from happening again. The disadvantage for researching genomics cost a lot of money, the research nearly cost thirteen-billion

The genome project to me can be a positive and negative thing. The fact that we are now able to duplicate genes, could we someday be able to have identical clones of our selves. By having this accessible to everyone can also eliminate cancer and can help cure just about everyone that has it. They already cured at

The HGP was a 13-year long project started in 1990 with the objective of determining the entire human euchromatic genome sequence. It was a public funded project and the goal was to complete the project within 15 years. Since its inception, the project had been met with scepticism from scientists and commoners alike. One significant doubt was whether the astounding expenditure of the project would outweigh the potential benefits from it. However, the incredible success of the HGP became apparent very soon after completion. Not only did it mark the beginning of a new era in medicine, it also made significant development in the various techniques that can be used for DNA sequencing. This publicly funded, $3 billion project began formally in 1990, under the co-ordinated effort of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). Although destined to be completed in 15 years, rapid technological development accelerated the completion date to 2003.

The Human Genome Project was first proposed to Congress in 1990 by Department of Energy and National Institutes of Health as a part of

The Goal of the Human Genome Project is to obtain genetic mapping information and to determine the complete sequence of all human DNA by the year of 2005. The project started in 1990 and 180 million dollars are being spent on it annually. This adds up to a total of over 2 billion dollars for the 15 year budget. Of this 2 billion dollars budgeted, 5% is spent annually on the ethical, legal and social issues. This report focused on some of these issues.

Imagine the possibility of eliminating serious genetic diseases from the world. Imagine the idea of treating, preventing or even curing diseases that are yet to be cured. Imagine the feeling of being given improved health and a prolonged lifespan. This can all be accomplished with the aide of genetic engineering. Human genetic engineering refers to the process of directly manipulating human DNA to produce wanted results. DNA is a simple but very complex chemical that has the power to change the world and has begun to do so already. Many opponents to gene therapy fail to realize that genetic engineering has great potential to become very important in the biomedical industry. Though controversy exists regarding the ethics of human genetic engineering, it can produce numerous benefits, which outweigh its disadvantages and side effects; therefore, scientists should be able to manipulate the human genome for the purpose of helping people with serious medical conditions.

In order for The Human Genome Project to exist, the background of genetics must be known, for the discoveries made in the field would be what eventually led the project itself. Genetics in itself is a fairly new concept, which officially began in 1865 in central Europe. A monk named Gregor Mendel learned about heredity and inheritance through breeding pea plants. After retiring from his teaching and scientific life, he became the abbot of his church. Unfortunately, the importance of his discovery was

Rapid growth in the health field over the past several decades has brought with it many advancements even in the prenatal stages of life, one may think this is all positive, but is it really? With all new technology and advancements in the health field the lives of humans can be heavily impacted by these advancements in the study of human genes.

9-11). This hypothetical model could be used as a comparison model for the whole genome sequencing of humans: the mutations present in the sequenced human genome could be directly related to that of the model for a precise identification of the disease present (Cohen et al, 2008, p. 9-11). The concept of the Human Genome Project has largely affected the conceptualization of the genome model for disease, which would allow pharmacogenomics to excel in its productivity.

Reasoning behind this that we still do not understand human genes completely and will not know for sure what will come out of the Human Genome Project. People expect the project to improve healthcare, but no one knows if this process will do a reverse effect, or a gene can be simply ignored or even possibly cause a chain reaction that could damage our bodies (APECSEC.org, 2015). Along with not knowing genes completely, there are technical aspects of the genome project that are still flawed and still need to be resolved. The project wants to make an accurate reference sequence of the human genome. The human genome is made up of one compound, DNA. However, DNA is a sequence of different base pairs, adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine that are arranged in a double helix structure. Yet the genome project wants to direct cell function and ultimately tissue differentiation. There was a complication during the investigation on how to obtain a sample to try to make their sequence of genes and decided to use four individuals. It was found that the DNA came from a limited group of donors in regards to the whole human population. It is also believed that consent to make the DNA sequence public information wasn’t taken from the donors. No one will know if this process will work for everyone or anyone (Ringdahl,

So what is the Human Genome Project? Well it all came from The Human Genome Project which began in the late 1980s when it was introduced by the United States government. The purpose of this project was to develop a complete encyclopedia of the human genome. The Human Genome Project had two main reasons for this project. First, they wanted to build a map of the human genome. Second, they wanted to develop the order of existence of all human DNA (Kevles). The completion of the Human Genome Project came in 2000, which took 13 years and $3 billion dollars to complete; along with

Science is a field of study that is always evolving and changing with time and new discoveries. New studies in medicine are constantly improving, such as the flu shot, which changes every year to protect America’s population against influenza. With all the adventure into the unknown comes the worry of taking science too far. Also, not letting people’s bodies and life take its natural course is a fear of genetic testing. While others believe the improvements to using genetic tests will benefit society drastically. One of the newer studies and discoveries in science is the ability to map a human genome, which takes a single strand of a person’s DNA and interprets genes into the information that patients, doctors, and scientists understand.

The Human Genome Project (HGP) that was started in 1990 is an example of an effort geared towards better understanding of DNA and its role. It was based on the recognition of DNA as the hereditary material, determination of its structure and genetic code, the development of recombinant DNA technologies and methods for DNA sequencing. The success of this project predicted an evolving area of personalized medicine and disease prevention based on genomic testing for genetic susceptibilities. During the past 2 decades so much has happened in the genomics field; from primary sequencing of genes to new technologies where genomic codes are studied and catalogued to makes interpretation of genes easier. Therefore, in order to advance human health particularly in the understanding of biology of genes, biology of disease, and translation of science into medicine and healthcare practice, we have come to a stage to take more evidence based decisions. With more information and understanding of this field, the experts also hoped that pharmacogenomics would allow us to develop safe drugs and find ways for their effective use.

In 1990, the United States Human Genome Project was formally launched in an effort to accumulate knowledge on DNA and genes. After 11 years of research, the sequence of the human genome, or the total DNA in a human, was published. During the project, identifying the genes was marked as a priority, and the study of the functions and interactions of the genes received less emphasis. However, once the human genome was deemed completed, “better understanding the complex interactions and functioning of the human genome” became the primary goal.

The information that scientists have gathered can be viewed as a set of inheritable instructions for the function of a person's development. People still use the tools scientists made during the Human Genome Project to extend their efforts for characterizing all of the genomes of many different organisms. Its used a lot in biological research for mice, fruit flies and flatworms. Not only did they increase the materials scientists can use, they also provided new advanced methods for understanding and organizing information that came from the Human Genome Project for scientists and other people. The DNA the scientist used for the project came from volunteers whose identity was kept a secret. They provided the scientist with samples of DNA for sequencing. This gave them more than enough DNA to sort through and gather information