Importance of the research problem and the information sought;
1) Hepatocellular carcinoma usually appears accompanied with an underlying liver disease. As a result, it is challenging to treat. Furthermore, the liver function impairment must be constantly monitored before, during and after the course of treatment. To achieve efficient monitoring a multidisciplinary team should be involved in the care of HCC patients. The main concern now is that the outcome with current treatment modalities is poor. The median survival of patients with intermediate stage HCC managed with TACE is 20 months[1][2], while the median survival of advanced stage HCC with the use of sorafenib is 11 months.[3] Patients with advanced liver disease who are not
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Adequacy of the research design;
The goal of this research project is to develop guidelines for the management of HCC patients in Manitoba. Secondly, to implement and develop a protocol for using the calypso technology. CancerCare Manitoba is pioneer center and it is the only center in Manitoba who has the calypso technology. Finally, to conduct a research identifying the overall survival for HCC cancer patients in Manitoba between 2011 and 2015 with current treatment modalities and to Identify the clinical and demographic characteristics of these patients.
A collaboration between radiation oncologists and physicists made it possible to implement calypso technology and develop the management protocols for other disease sites. The presence of a multidisciplinary team of clinicians currently collaborating in management of HCC will be a strong asset in developing the guidelines of HCC patients in Manitoba. As for the Patient population and data source; Patients who were diagnosed with HCC between 2011 and 2015 will be identified from the Manitoba Cancer Registry (MCR) at CancerCare Manitoba. The Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Registry has already been consulted and they have provided us with preliminary counts of HCC in Manitoba which is approximately 271 during this period.
Feasibility and promise of the methods proposed;
The resources that will be used to conduct this research project are accurate and reliable.
Edge
The MD Anderson Liver Tumor biospecimen resource has been invaluable for a large number of studies or clinical development. The sixth and subsequent editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging of hepatocellular cancer, which was developed by an international consortium led by Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, MD, Professor of Surgery at MD Anderson and co-leader on project 2 of the SPORE, was based upon pathologic review of resected specimens in the Liver Tumor Bank (Vauthey JN J Clin Oncol 2002 20:1527-36). In addition, investigators at MD Anderson examined tissues in the Liver Tumor Bank to elucidate the prognostic significance of the ribonucleoprotein Human Antigen R (HuR) showing that patients with high HuR tumor expression had
When analyzing the community health assessment several risks and weakness are identified. There are a few risks and weakness with the current state of Oncology Services. With physicians practices already at capacity there is no room to handle the current and future demand for these services. With an aging population new cancer cases are expected to increase by 34 % in five years. Higher smoking rates also contribute to new cancer diagnosis. Another risk is the equipment to diagnose and treat cancer is not keeping up with patient volume. This could be due to antiquated equipment that takes longer to scan patients therefore delaying results and sometimes requiring additional scanning. Additionally, poorly coordination of services by
I cited sources of information (e.g., data, ideas, charts, etc.) and used this material to support this document.
In the United States alone, there was an estimated 1,685,210 new cases of cancer and an estimated of 595,690 people will die from the disease in 2016 ("Cancer Statistics”). Cancer is a very common aliment that affects men, women, children, and all races and ethnicities. There are many different types of cancers, and cancer research has been a focal point for many scientists. There are various treatments that a cancer patient to undergo. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune therapy are among the most common ones. Each treatment works differently, and has different positive and negative side effects.
Hearing a diagnosis of cancer leaves most patients in a state of shock and unsure of what their next step should be. While they are still wrapping their brain around the diagnosis, they are being bombarded with information, testing, and multiple physician appointments. They need guidance and support to direct them through the complicated health care system in a timely fashion that reduces the delay in their treatment, as well as assist them in identifying and overcoming any barriers to these delays.
There is no effective therapy for patients with HCC diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. Surgically treated late stage patients usually die of metastatic disease, while most medically treated patients died of GI or tumor bleed .10 The median survival after the diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement was 1 month (2 weeks-4 months). An active surveillance program of the high risk or relative hepatitis B viral infection groups may aid in earlier detection at a time when patients are better candidates for
Thanks to their collaboration and their availability to date, the FHACI has been able to provide appreciable support to small cancer
Content- Content is what we want our students to learn. When it comes to differentiating content in physical education I think of what materials do I need to change in order to help the student reach the same understanding of the material that all the other students do. Lets look at the skill of kicking. For kindergartners we focus on making sure students are kicking a ball with their dominant foot while their opposite foot is placed next to the ball. One way I can differentiate the content is that I change the size of ball that they are using to kick.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Globally, it ranks fifth among the most common cancers but is the third leading cause of cancer death, with an estimate of more than 500 000 new cases each year(15). There is a striking geographical difference in the incidence of HCC. Eighty per cent of new cases occur in developing countries. High-incidence areas include the sub-Saharan Africa, east and Southeast Asia, whereas low incidence areas include northern and western Europe and North America. In Egypt, chronic HCV is the main cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, which is one of the top five leading causes of death(8).
Liver resection is the only therapeutic treatment option for several neoplastic entities of the liver [1] [2]. It becomes the routine aspect of administering certain liver conditions such as primary liver malignancies and secondary’s certain. Five-year survival is insignificant in un-treated patients compared with around 30% in those receiving hepatic resection [1]. However, Hepatic resection is still among some of the most complex operative interventions performed and is full of risk and complications.
Walt Whitman changed poetry in the United States and all around the world. Walt Whitman did not follow the normal tradition of poetry. Walt Whitman started writing in free verse. Free verse is an open form of poetry. It does not use meter patterns or rhyme. Free verse lets poets talk with freedom. Although, Walt Whitman wrote many poems, but his “Song of Myself” interested me. This piece of poetry consists of different small poems that describe different circumstances from a life. For example, topics like death, birth, childhood, and adulthood. “Song of Myself” consist of fifty-two different poems, but poem six made sense to me. In poem six, Walt Whitman writes about death and different situations about death. In poem six grass represents death.
The United States (U.S.) government department of defense (DOD), department of commerce?s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spend billions of dollars every year on space-based satellite acquisition programs (GAO, 2013a, 2013b, 2015a). The satellites provide vital services to the armed forces, government operations, national security, the civilian agencies, and commercial operations (GAO 2011, 2012, 2013a, 2014a, 2015b). Comprehensive literature review revealed that over the past two decades, the U.S. DOD, NOAA, and NASA satellite acquisition programs have continually experienced cost overruns, schedule delays, potential gaps in capability that could affect national security, as well as health and safety of the civilians (Alston, 2012; Bauer, 2005; GAO, 2014a, 2015b; McHenry, 2008; Meier, 2010; Mejia-Aguilar, 2013; Redshaw, 2011; Reeves, 2013; Schmith, 2011; Sharma, 2015; Smith, 2012; Stratton, 2011). Some of the major government satellite acquisition programs have experienced as much as 9 years in schedule
South Korea’s economic transformation from poverty to one of Asia’s biggest economies remains one of the enduring stories of the 20th century, dubbed the ‘Miracle on the Hanggang River.’ An isolated nation of farmers now leads the world in Internet access, is a global innovator in consumer electronics, and is now home to some of the biggest automotive, electronic, and shipbuilding companies. Per capita GNP, only $100 in 1963, exceeded $16,000 in 2005.”
This chapter consists of the methodology, which is the process by which the proposed solution will be tested. An explanation of the adopted philosophy, approach, strategy and research design, data collection and analysis methods, ethics and limitations of the research are outlined.
Students can conduct summer research or participate in internships, such as an affiliated program in Paris or a study of security policy in Brussels (“SIR Study Abroad”). There is also an undergraduate research program on campus, which includes enrolling in a research course and earning credit with collaborative projects with undergraduates and PhD students through investigation of international law, lobbying, military activity, and banknotes (“IR 392: Undergraduate Research Program”). Within the college of arts and sciences at USC, undergraduates travel all over the world to perform service, study culture, or engage in a research program for a summer, semester, or even a year (“Overseas Studies”). Johana Reyes, graduate of USC’s IR