Importance Of The Research Problem And The Information

“Each Year in the United States about one-hundred and fifty-thousand patients develop cancer of the colon or rectum. Around fifty percent of these patients will either have a cancer that has already spread to the liver or they will come back in future years with metastatic cancer to the liver.” Liver cancer, or other known as Hepatocellular Carcinoma, is a cancer residing in the liver. There are other cancers like metastatic cancer that starts at other organs then spreads to the liver. Being the third most common cancer in the world, it is also one of the deadliest. Twenty percent of the patients that are affected by liver cancer survive for a year after diagnosis. Sadly, five percentile of the survivors live for only five years or more.

When analyzing the community health assessment several risks and weakness are identified. There are a few risks and weakness with the current state of Oncology Services. With physicians practices already at capacity there is no room to handle the current and future demand for these services. With an aging population new cancer cases are expected to increase by 34 % in five years. Higher smoking rates also contribute to new cancer diagnosis. Another risk is the equipment to diagnose and treat cancer is not keeping up with patient volume. This could be due to antiquated equipment that takes longer to scan patients therefore delaying results and sometimes requiring additional scanning. Additionally, poorly coordination of services by

Hearing a diagnosis of cancer leaves most patients in a state of shock and unsure of what their next step should be. While they are still wrapping their brain around the diagnosis, they are being bombarded with information, testing, and multiple physician appointments. They need guidance and support to direct them through the complicated health care system in a timely fashion that reduces the delay in their treatment, as well as assist them in identifying and overcoming any barriers to these delays.

The MD Anderson Liver Tumor biospecimen resource has been invaluable for a large number of studies or clinical development. The sixth and subsequent editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging of hepatocellular cancer, which was developed by an international consortium led by Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, MD, Professor of Surgery at MD Anderson and co-leader on project 2 of the SPORE, was based upon pathologic review of resected specimens in the Liver Tumor Bank (Vauthey JN J Clin Oncol 2002 20:1527-36). In addition, investigators at MD Anderson examined tissues in the Liver Tumor Bank to elucidate the prognostic significance of the ribonucleoprotein Human Antigen R (HuR) showing that patients with high HuR tumor expression had

Thanks to their collaboration and their availability to date, the FHACI has been able to provide appreciable support to small cancer

In the United States alone, there was an estimated 1,685,210 new cases of cancer and an estimated of 595,690 people will die from the disease in 2016 ("Cancer Statistics”). Cancer is a very common aliment that affects men, women, children, and all races and ethnicities. There are many different types of cancers, and cancer research has been a focal point for many scientists. There are various treatments that a cancer patient to undergo. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immune therapy are among the most common ones. Each treatment works differently, and has different positive and negative side effects.

Rare Cancers Australia chairman Richard Vines affirmed, “...the lack of research means the lack of clinical knowledge.” He discussed how people with rare cancer don’t have that “brilliant...researcher who is the pick of the bunch for that particular cancer type.” The Just A Little More Time report released by Rare Cancer Australia in 2016 consists of statistics which clearly outlines the difference between the survival rates of common and RLC cancers. It was observed that while the incidence rates (number of diagnoses annually) of common cancers increased over the past decades, the mortality rates (number of deaths annually) have declined significant. This ratio of incidence-to-mortality presented increasing survival rates, due to sufficient investment in their research and treatment. However, the story is very different for the people diagnosed with RLC cancers. The incidence rates of RLC cancers are closely followed by its mortality rates, both twice that of Australia’s population growth. Such circumstances suggested that survival rates of RLC cancers remain low as a consequence of defective progress in diagnosis and treatment.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is relatively a common malignancy worldwide. Patients with HCC may present with various types of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). Thrombocytosis is one of these PNS which is attributed to thrombopoeitin production by neoplastic liver cells. In most occasionas presence of thrombocytosis is indicative of a more advanced disease with worse prognosis. Below we present a case of a 64 years old male with medical history of chronic hepatitis C infection, liver cirrhosis and HCC who was found to have thrombocytosis (Plt 448 K/ccm) in his blood work.

There is no effective therapy for patients with HCC diagnosed in the late stages of the disease. Surgically treated late stage patients usually die of metastatic disease, while most medically treated patients died of GI or tumor bleed .10 The median survival after the diagnosis of gastrointestinal involvement was 1 month (2 weeks-4 months). An active surveillance program of the high risk or relative hepatitis B viral infection groups may aid in earlier detection at a time when patients are better candidates for

Liver resection is the only therapeutic treatment option for several neoplastic entities of the liver [1] [2]. It becomes the routine aspect of administering certain liver conditions such as primary liver malignancies and secondary’s certain. Five-year survival is insignificant in un-treated patients compared with around 30% in those receiving hepatic resection [1]. However, Hepatic resection is still among some of the most complex operative interventions performed and is full of risk and complications.

I cited sources of information (e.g., data, ideas, charts, etc.) and used this material to support this document.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world. Globally, it ranks fifth among the most common cancers but is the third leading cause of cancer death, with an estimate of more than 500 000 new cases each year(15). There is a striking geographical difference in the incidence of HCC. Eighty per cent of new cases occur in developing countries. High-incidence areas include the sub-Saharan Africa, east and Southeast Asia, whereas low incidence areas include northern and western Europe and North America. In Egypt, chronic HCV is the main cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, which is one of the top five leading causes of death(8).

This chapter consists of the methodology, which is the process by which the proposed solution will be tested. An explanation of the adopted philosophy, approach, strategy and research design, data collection and analysis methods, ethics and limitations of the research are outlined.

Students can conduct summer research or participate in internships, such as an affiliated program in Paris or a study of security policy in Brussels (“SIR Study Abroad”). There is also an undergraduate research program on campus, which includes enrolling in a research course and earning credit with collaborative projects with undergraduates and PhD students through investigation of international law, lobbying, military activity, and banknotes (“IR 392: Undergraduate Research Program”). Within the college of arts and sciences at USC, undergraduates travel all over the world to perform service, study culture, or engage in a research program for a summer, semester, or even a year (“Overseas Studies”). Johana Reyes, graduate of USC’s IR

The United States (U.S.) government department of defense (DOD), department of commerce?s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) spend billions of dollars every year on space-based satellite acquisition programs (GAO, 2013a, 2013b, 2015a). The satellites provide vital services to the armed forces, government operations, national security, the civilian agencies, and commercial operations (GAO 2011, 2012, 2013a, 2014a, 2015b). Comprehensive literature review revealed that over the past two decades, the U.S. DOD, NOAA, and NASA satellite acquisition programs have continually experienced cost overruns, schedule delays, potential gaps in capability that could affect national security, as well as health and safety of the civilians (Alston, 2012; Bauer, 2005; GAO, 2014a, 2015b; McHenry, 2008; Meier, 2010; Mejia-Aguilar, 2013; Redshaw, 2011; Reeves, 2013; Schmith, 2011; Sharma, 2015; Smith, 2012; Stratton, 2011). Some of the major government satellite acquisition programs have experienced as much as 9 years in schedule